Fix bugs and harmonize the code comments (#1199)

* Fix the comment in array_deque.go

* Fix the comment in bucket_sort.c

* Translate the Java code comments to Chinese

* Bug fixes

* 二分查找 -> 二分搜尋

* Harmonize comments in `utils` between multiple programming languages

codes/c/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort.c

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "../utils/common.h"
 
-#define ARRAY_SIZE 10
+#define SIZE 10
 
 /* 比较两个浮点数的大小 */
 int compare_float(const void *a, const void *b) {
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ void bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {
     int k = size / 2;
     float **buckets = calloc(k, sizeof(float *));
     for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
-        // 每个桶最多可以分配 k 个元素
+        // 每个桶最多可以分配 size 个元素
-        buckets[i] = calloc(ARRAY_SIZE, sizeof(float));
+        buckets[i] = calloc(size, sizeof(float));
     }
 
     // 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {
             j++;
         }
         float temp = nums[i];
-        while (j < ARRAY_SIZE && buckets[bucket_idx][j] > 0) {
+        while (j < size && buckets[bucket_idx][j] > 0) {
             swap(&temp, &buckets[bucket_idx][j]);
             j++;
         }
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@ void bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {
 
     // 2. 对各个桶执行排序
     for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
-        qsort(buckets[i], ARRAY_SIZE, sizeof(float), compare_float);
+        qsort(buckets[i], size, sizeof(float), compare_float);
     }
 
     // 3. 遍历桶合并结果
     for (int i = 0, j = 0; j < k; j++) {
-        for (int l = 0; l < ARRAY_SIZE; l++) {
+        for (int l = 0; l < size; l++) {
             if (buckets[j][l] > 0) {
                 nums[i++] = buckets[j][l];
             }
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ void bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     // 设输入数据为浮点数，范围为 [0, 1)
-    float nums[ARRAY_SIZE] = {0.49f, 0.96f, 0.82f, 0.09f, 0.57f, 0.43f, 0.91f, 0.75f, 0.15f, 0.37f};
+    float nums[SIZE] = {0.49f, 0.96f, 0.82f, 0.09f, 0.57f, 0.43f, 0.91f, 0.75f, 0.15f, 0.37f};
-    bucketSort(nums, ARRAY_SIZE);
+    bucketSort(nums, SIZE);
     printf("桶排序完成后 nums = ");
-    printArrayFloat(nums, ARRAY_SIZE);
+    printArrayFloat(nums, SIZE);
 
     return 0;
 }

codes/c/utils/common_test.c

@@ -11,9 +11,6 @@ void testListNode() {
     int size = sizeof(nums) / sizeof(int);
     ListNode *head = arrToLinkedList(nums, size);
     printLinkedList(head);
-
-    ListNode *node = getListNode(head, 5);
-    printf("find node: %d\n", node->val);
 }
 
 void testTreeNode() {

codes/c/utils/list_node.h

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ ListNode *newListNode(int val) {
     return node;
 }
 
-/* Generate a linked list with an array */
+/* 将数组反序列化为链表 */
 ListNode *arrToLinkedList(const int *arr, size_t size) {
     if (size <= 0) {
         return NULL;
@@ -41,15 +41,7 @@ ListNode *arrToLinkedList(const int *arr, size_t size) {
     return dummy->next;
 }
 
-/* Get a list node with specific value from a linked list */
+/* 释放分配给链表的内存空间 */
-ListNode *getListNode(ListNode *head, int val) {
-    while (head != NULL && head->val != val) {
-        head = head->next;
-    }
-    return head;
-}
-
-/* Free the memory allocated to a linked list */
 void freeMemoryLinkedList(ListNode *cur) {
     // 释放内存
     ListNode *pre;

codes/c/utils/print_util.h

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-/* Print an Array */
+/* 打印数组 */
 void printArray(int arr[], int size) {
     if (arr == NULL || size == 0) {
         printf("[]");
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ void printArray(int arr[], int size) {
     printf("%d]\n", arr[size - 1]);
 }
 
-/* Print an Array */
+/* 打印数组 */
 void printArrayFloat(float arr[], int size) {
     if (arr == NULL || size == 0) {
         printf("[]");
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void printArrayFloat(float arr[], int size) {
     printf("%.2f]\n", arr[size - 1]);
 }
 
-/* Print a linked list */
+/* 打印链表 */
 void printLinkedList(ListNode *node) {
     if (node == NULL) {
         return;
@@ -69,7 +69,6 @@ Trunk *newTrunk(Trunk *prev, char *str) {
     return trunk;
 }
 
-/* Helper function to print branches of the binary tree */
 void showTrunks(Trunk *trunk) {
     if (trunk == NULL) {
         return;
@@ -78,7 +77,11 @@ void showTrunks(Trunk *trunk) {
     printf("%s", trunk->str);
 }
 
-/* Help to print a binary tree, hide more details */
+/**
+ * 打印二叉树
+ * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
+ * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
+ */
 void printTreeHelper(TreeNode *node, Trunk *prev, bool isRight) {
     if (node == NULL) {
         return;
@@ -106,12 +109,12 @@ void printTreeHelper(TreeNode *node, Trunk *prev, bool isRight) {
     printTreeHelper(node->left, trunk, false);
 }
 
-/* Print a binary tree */
+/* 打印二叉树 */
 void printTree(TreeNode *root) {
     printTreeHelper(root, NULL, false);
 }
 
-/* Print a Heap */
+/* 打印堆 */
 void printHeap(int arr[], int size) {
     TreeNode *root;
     printf("堆的数组表示：");

codes/cpp/utils/list_node.hpp

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 using namespace std;
 
-/* Definition for a singly-linked list node */
+/* 链表节点 */
 struct ListNode {
     int val;
     ListNode *next;
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ struct ListNode {
     }
 };
 
-/* Generate a linked list with a vector */
+/* 将列表反序列化为链表 */
 ListNode *vecToLinkedList(vector<int> list) {
     ListNode *dum = new ListNode(0);
     ListNode *head = dum;
@@ -30,15 +30,7 @@ ListNode *vecToLinkedList(vector<int> list) {
     return dum->next;
 }
 
-/* Get a list node with specific value from a linked list */
+/* 释放分配给链表的内存空间 */
-ListNode *getListNode(ListNode *head, int val) {
-    while (head != nullptr && head->val != val) {
-        head = head->next;
-    }
-    return head;
-}
-
-/* Free the memory allocated to a linked list */
 void freeMemoryLinkedList(ListNode *cur) {
     // 释放内存
     ListNode *pre;

codes/cpp/utils/print_utils.hpp

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ string strRepeat(string str, int n) {
     return os.str();
 }
 
-/* Print an Array */
+/* 打印数组 */
 template <typename T> void printArray(T *arr, int n) {
     cout << "[";
     for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
@@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ template <typename T> string getVectorString(vector<T> &list) {
     return "[" + strJoin(", ", list) + "]";
 }
 
-/* Print a vector */
+/* 打印列表 */
 template <typename T> void printVector(vector<T> list) {
     cout << getVectorString(list) << '\n';
 }
 
-/* Print a vector matrix */
+/* 打印矩阵 */
 template <typename T> void printVectorMatrix(vector<vector<T>> &matrix) {
     cout << "[" << '\n';
     for (vector<T> &list : matrix)
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ template <typename T> void printVectorMatrix(vector<vector<T>> &matrix) {
     cout << "]" << '\n';
 }
 
-/* Print a linked list */
+/* 打印链表 */
 void printLinkedList(ListNode *head) {
     vector<int> list;
     while (head != nullptr) {
@@ -85,10 +85,6 @@ void printLinkedList(ListNode *head) {
     cout << strJoin(" -> ", list) << '\n';
 }
 
-/**
- * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
- * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
- */
 struct Trunk {
     Trunk *prev;
     string str;
@@ -98,7 +94,6 @@ struct Trunk {
     }
 };
 
-/* Helper function to print branches of the binary tree */
 void showTrunks(Trunk *p) {
     if (p == nullptr) {
         return;
@@ -108,7 +103,11 @@ void showTrunks(Trunk *p) {
     cout << p->str;
 }
 
-/* Print a binary tree */
+/**
+ * 打印二叉树
+ * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
+ * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
+ */
 void printTree(TreeNode *root, Trunk *prev, bool isRight) {
     if (root == nullptr) {
         return;
@@ -140,12 +139,12 @@ void printTree(TreeNode *root, Trunk *prev, bool isRight) {
     printTree(root->left, &trunk, false);
 }
 
-/* The interface of the tree printer */
+/* 打印二叉树 */
 void printTree(TreeNode *root) {
     printTree(root, nullptr, false);
 }
 
-/* Print a stack */
+/* 打印栈 */
 template <typename T> void printStack(stack<T> stk) {
     // Reverse the input stack
     stack<T> tmp;
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ template <typename T> void printStack(stack<T> stk) {
     cout << "[" + s.str() + "]" << '\n';
 }
 
-/* Print a queue */
+/* 打印队列 */
 template <typename T> void printQueue(queue<T> queue) {
     // Generate the string to print
     ostringstream s;
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ template <typename T> void printQueue(queue<T> queue) {
     cout << "[" + s.str() + "]" << '\n';
 }
 
-/* Print a deque */
+/* 打印双向队列 */
 template <typename T> void printDeque(deque<T> deque) {
     // Generate the string to print
     ostringstream s;
@@ -199,7 +198,7 @@ template <typename T> void printDeque(deque<T> deque) {
     cout << "[" + s.str() + "]" << '\n';
 }
 
-/* Print a HashMap */
+/* 打印哈希表 */
 // 定义模板参数 TKey 和 TValue ，用于指定键值对的类型
 template <typename TKey, typename TValue> void printHashMap(unordered_map<TKey, TValue> map) {
     for (auto kv : map) {
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ template <typename T, typename S, typename C> S &Container(priority_queue<T, S,
     return HackedQueue::Container(pq);
 }
 
-/* Print a Heap (PriorityQueue) */
+/* 打印堆（优先队列） */
 template <typename T, typename S, typename C> void printHeap(priority_queue<T, S, C> &heap) {
     vector<T> vec = Container(heap);
     cout << "堆的数组表示：";

codes/csharp/utils/ListNode.cs

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
 
 namespace hello_algo.utils;
 
-/* Definition for a singly-linked list node */
+/* 链表节点 */
 public class ListNode(int x) {
     public int val = x;
     public ListNode? next;
 
-    /* Generate a linked list with an array */
+    /* 将数组反序列化为链表 */
     public static ListNode? ArrToLinkedList(int[] arr) {
         ListNode dum = new(0);
         ListNode head = dum;
@@ -20,14 +20,6 @@ public class ListNode(int x) {
         return dum.next;
     }
 
-    /* Get a list node with specific value from a linked list */
-    public static ListNode? GetListNode(ListNode? head, int val) {
-        while (head != null && head.val != val) {
-            head = head.next;
-        }
-        return head;
-    }
-
     public override string? ToString() {
         List<string> list = [];
         var head = this;

codes/csharp/utils/PrintUtil.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ public class Trunk(Trunk? prev, string str) {
 };
 
 public static class PrintUtil {
-    /* Print a list */
+    /* 打印列表 */
     public static void PrintList<T>(IList<T> list) {
         Console.WriteLine("[" + string.Join(", ", list) + "]");
     }
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public static class PrintUtil {
         return $"[ {string.Join(", ", list.Select(x => x?.ToString() ?? "null"))} ]";
     }
 
-    /* Print a matrix (Array) */
+    /* 打印矩阵 (Array) */
     public static void PrintMatrix<T>(T[][] matrix) {
         Console.WriteLine("[");
         foreach (T[] row in matrix) {
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ public static class PrintUtil {
         Console.WriteLine("]");
     }
 
-    /* Print a matrix (List) */
+    /* 打印矩阵 (List) */
     public static void PrintMatrix<T>(List<List<T>> matrix) {
         Console.WriteLine("[");
         foreach (List<T> row in matrix) {
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public static class PrintUtil {
         Console.WriteLine("]");
     }
 
-    /* Print a linked list */
+    /* 打印链表 */
     public static void PrintLinkedList(ListNode? head) {
         List<string> list = [];
         while (head != null) {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public static class PrintUtil {
     }
 
     /**
-     * The interface of the tree printer
+     * 打印二叉树
      * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
      * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
      */
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public static class PrintUtil {
         PrintTree(root, null, false);
     }
 
-    /* Print a binary tree */
+    /* 打印二叉树 */
     public static void PrintTree(TreeNode? root, Trunk? prev, bool isRight) {
         if (root == null) {
             return;
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ public static class PrintUtil {
         PrintTree(root.left, trunk, false);
     }
 
-    /* Helper function to print branches of the binary tree */
     public static void ShowTrunks(Trunk? p) {
         if (p == null) {
             return;
@@ -100,14 +99,14 @@ public static class PrintUtil {
         Console.Write(p.str);
     }
 
-    /* Print a hash map */
+    /* 打印哈希表 */
     public static void PrintHashMap<K, V>(Dictionary<K, V> map) where K : notnull {
         foreach (var kv in map.Keys) {
             Console.WriteLine(kv.ToString() + " -> " + map[kv]?.ToString());
         }
     }
 
-    /* Print a heap */
+    /* 打印堆 */
     public static void PrintHeap(Queue<int> queue) {
         Console.Write("堆的数组表示：");
         List<int> list = [.. queue];
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ public static class PrintUtil {
         PrintTree(tree);
     }
 
-    /* Print a PriorityQueue */
+    /* 打印优先队列 */
     public static void PrintHeap(PriorityQueue<int, int> queue) {
         var newQueue = new PriorityQueue<int, int>(queue.UnorderedItems, queue.Comparer);
         Console.Write("堆的数组表示：");

codes/dart/utils/list_node.dart

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
  * Author: Jefferson (JeffersonHuang77@gmail.com)
  */
 
-/* Definition for a singly-linked list node */
+/* 链表节点 */
 class ListNode {
   int val;
   ListNode? next;
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class ListNode {
   ListNode(this.val, [this.next]);
 }
 
-/* Generate a linked list with a list */
+/* 将列表反序列化为链表 */
 ListNode? listToLinkedList(List<int> list) {
   ListNode dum = ListNode(0);
   ListNode? head = dum;

codes/dart/utils/print_util.dart

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class Trunk {
   Trunk(this.prev, this.str);
 }
 
-/* Print a matrix (Array) */
+/* 打印矩阵 (Array) */
 void printMatrix(List<List<int>> matrix) {
   print("[");
   for (List<int> row in matrix) {
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ void printMatrix(List<List<int>> matrix) {
   print("]");
 }
 
-/* Print a linked list */
+/* 打印链表 */
 void printLinkedList(ListNode? head) {
   List<String> list = [];
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ void printLinkedList(ListNode? head) {
 }
 
 /**
- * The interface of the tree printer
+ * 打印二叉树
  * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
  * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
  */
@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ void printTree(TreeNode? root, [Trunk? prev = null, bool isRight = false]) {
   printTree(root.left, trunk, false);
 }
 
-/* Helper function to print branches of the binary tree */
 void showTrunks(Trunk? p) {
   if (p == null) {
     return;
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ void showTrunks(Trunk? p) {
   stdout.write(p.str);
 }
 
-/* Print a heap (PriorityQueue) */
+/* 打印堆 */
 void printHeap(List<int> heap) {
   print("堆的数组表示：$heap");
   print("堆的树状表示：");

codes/go/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_deque.go

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ func (q *arrayDeque) pushLast(num int) {
 	}
 	// 计算队尾指针，指向队尾索引 + 1
 	rear := q.index(q.front + q.queSize)
-	// 将 num 添加至队首
+	// 将 num 添加至队尾
 	q.nums[rear] = num
 	q.queSize++
 }

codes/go/pkg/list_node.go

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
 
 package pkg
 
-// ListNode Definition for a singly-linked list node
+// ListNode 链表节点
 type ListNode struct {
 	Next *ListNode
 	Val  int
 }
 
-// NewListNode Generate a list node with an val
+// NewListNode 链表节点构造函数
 func NewListNode(v int) *ListNode {
 	return &ListNode{
 		Next: nil,
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func NewListNode(v int) *ListNode {
 	}
 }
 
-// ArrayToLinkedList Generate a linked list with an array
+// ArrayToLinkedList 将数组反序列化为链表
 func ArrayToLinkedList(arr []int) *ListNode {
 	// dummy header of linked list
 	dummy := NewListNode(0)
@@ -29,11 +29,3 @@ func ArrayToLinkedList(arr []int) *ListNode {
 	}
 	return dummy.Next
 }
-
-// GetListNode Get a list node with specific value from a linked list
-func GetListNode(node *ListNode, val int) *ListNode {
-	for node != nil && node.Val != val {
-		node = node.Next
-	}
-	return node
-}

codes/go/pkg/list_node_test.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 package pkg
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
 	"testing"
 )
 
@@ -14,6 +13,4 @@ func TestListNode(t *testing.T) {
 	head := ArrayToLinkedList(arr)
 
 	PrintLinkedList(head)
-	node := GetListNode(head, 5)
-	fmt.Println("Find node: ", node.Val)
 }

codes/go/pkg/print_utils.go

@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 )
 
-// PrintSlice Print a slice
+// PrintSlice 打印切片
 func PrintSlice[T any](nums []T) {
 	fmt.Printf("%v", nums)
 	fmt.Println()
 }
 
-// PrintList Print a list
+// PrintList 打印列表
 func PrintList(list *list.List) {
 	if list.Len() == 0 {
 		fmt.Print("[]\n")
@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ func PrintList(list *list.List) {
 	fmt.Print(e.Value, "]\n")
 }
 
-// PrintMap Print a hash map
+// PrintMap 打印哈希表
 func PrintMap[K comparable, V any](m map[K]V) {
 	for key, value := range m {
 		fmt.Println(key, "->", value)
 	}
 }
 
-// PrintHeap Print a heap
+// PrintHeap 打印堆
 func PrintHeap(h []any) {
 	fmt.Printf("堆的数组表示：")
 	fmt.Printf("%v", h)
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func PrintHeap(h []any) {
 	PrintTree(root)
 }
 
-// PrintLinkedList Print a linked list
+// PrintLinkedList 打印链表
 func PrintLinkedList(node *ListNode) {
 	if node == nil {
 		return
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ func PrintLinkedList(node *ListNode) {
 	fmt.Println(builder.String())
 }
 
-// PrintTree Print a binary tree
+// PrintTree 打印二叉树
 func PrintTree(root *TreeNode) {
 	printTreeHelper(root, nil, false)
 }
 
-// printTreeHelper Help to print a binary tree, hide more details
+// printTreeHelper 打印二叉树
 // This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
 // https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
 func printTreeHelper(root *TreeNode, prev *trunk, isRight bool) {
@@ -96,7 +96,6 @@ func printTreeHelper(root *TreeNode, prev *trunk, isRight bool) {
 	printTreeHelper(root.Left, trunk, false)
 }
 
-// trunk Help to print tree structure
 type trunk struct {
 	prev *trunk
 	str  string

codes/go/pkg/tree_node.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 package pkg
 
+// TreeNode 二叉树节点
 type TreeNode struct {
 	Val    any       // 节点值
 	Height int       // 节点高度
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ type TreeNode struct {
 	Right  *TreeNode // 右子节点引用
 }
 
+// NewTreeNode 二叉树节点构造函数
 func NewTreeNode(v any) *TreeNode {
 	return &TreeNode{
 		Val:    v,

codes/go/pkg/vertex.go

@@ -9,14 +9,14 @@ type Vertex struct {
 	Val int
 }
 
-// NewVertex 构造函数
+// NewVertex 顶点构造函数
 func NewVertex(val int) Vertex {
 	return Vertex{
 		Val: val,
 	}
 }
 
-// ValsToVets Generate a vertex list tree given an array
+// ValsToVets 将值列表反序列化为顶点列表
 func ValsToVets(vals []int) []Vertex {
 	vets := make([]Vertex, len(vals))
 	for i := 0; i < len(vals); i++ {
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ func ValsToVets(vals []int) []Vertex {
 	return vets
 }
 
-// VetsToVals Serialize given vertex list to a value list
+// VetsToVals 将顶点列表序列化为值列表
 func VetsToVals(vets []Vertex) []int {
 	vals := make([]int, len(vets))
 	for i := range vets {

codes/java/utils/ListNode.java

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 package utils;
 
-/* Definition for a singly-linked list node */
+/* 链表节点 */
 public class ListNode {
     public int val;
     public ListNode next;
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ public class ListNode {
         val = x;
     }
 
-    /* Generate a linked list with an array */
+    /* 将列表反序列化为链表 */
     public static ListNode arrToLinkedList(int[] arr) {
         ListNode dum = new ListNode(0);
         ListNode head = dum;
@@ -25,12 +25,4 @@ public class ListNode {
         }
         return dum.next;
     }
-
-    /* Get a list node with specific value from a linked list */
-    public static ListNode getListNode(ListNode head, int val) {
-        while (head != null && head.val != val) {
-            head = head.next;
-        }
-        return head;
-    }
 }

codes/java/utils/PrintUtil.java

@@ -19,8 +19,7 @@ class Trunk {
 };
 
 public class PrintUtil {
-
+    /* 打印矩阵（Array） */
-    /* Print a matrix (Array) */
     public static <T> void printMatrix(T[][] matrix) {
         System.out.println("[");
         for (T[] row : matrix) {
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ public class PrintUtil {
         System.out.println("]");
     }
 
-    /* Print a matrix (List) */
+    /* 打印矩阵（List） */
     public static <T> void printMatrix(List<List<T>> matrix) {
         System.out.println("[");
         for (List<T> row : matrix) {
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ public class PrintUtil {
         System.out.println("]");
     }
 
-    /* Print a linked list */
+    /* 打印链表 */
     public static void printLinkedList(ListNode head) {
         List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
         while (head != null) {
@@ -48,16 +47,16 @@ public class PrintUtil {
         System.out.println(String.join(" -> ", list));
     }
 
-    /**
+    /* 打印二叉树 */
-     * The interface of the tree printer
-     * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
-     * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
-     */
     public static void printTree(TreeNode root) {
         printTree(root, null, false);
     }
 
-    /* Print a binary tree */
+    /**
+     * 打印二叉树
+     * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
+     * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
+     */
     public static void printTree(TreeNode root, Trunk prev, boolean isRight) {
         if (root == null) {
             return;
@@ -89,7 +88,6 @@ public class PrintUtil {
         printTree(root.left, trunk, false);
     }
 
-    /* Helper function to print branches of the binary tree */
     public static void showTrunks(Trunk p) {
         if (p == null) {
             return;
@@ -99,14 +97,14 @@ public class PrintUtil {
         System.out.print(p.str);
     }
 
-    /* Print a hash map */
+    /* 打印哈希表 */
     public static <K, V> void printHashMap(Map<K, V> map) {
         for (Map.Entry<K, V> kv : map.entrySet()) {
             System.out.println(kv.getKey() + " -> " + kv.getValue());
         }
     }
 
-    /* Print a heap (PriorityQueue) */
+    /* 打印堆（优先队列） */
     public static void printHeap(Queue<Integer> queue) {
         List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(queue);
         System.out.print("堆的数组表示：");

codes/javascript/modules/ListNode.js

@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@
  * Author: IsChristina (christinaxia77@foxmail.com)
  */
 
-/**
+/* 链表节点 */
- * Definition for a singly-linked list node
- */
 class ListNode {
     val; // 节点值
     next; // 指向下一节点的引用（指针）
@@ -16,11 +14,7 @@ class ListNode {
     }
 }
 
-/**
+/* 将列表反序列化为链表 */
- * Generate a linked list with an array
- * @param arr
- * @return
- */
 function arrToLinkedList(arr) {
     const dum = new ListNode(0);
     let head = dum;
@@ -31,21 +25,7 @@ function arrToLinkedList(arr) {
     return dum.next;
 }
 
-/**
- * Get a list node with specific value from a linked list
- * @param head
- * @param val
- * @return
- */
-function getListNode(head, val) {
-    while (head !== null && head.val !== val) {
-        head = head.next;
-    }
-    return head;
-}
-
 module.exports = {
     ListNode,
     arrToLinkedList,
-    getListNode,
 };

codes/javascript/modules/PrintUtil.js

@@ -6,10 +6,7 @@
 
 const { arrToTree } = require('./TreeNode');
 
-/**
+/* 打印链表 */
- * Print a linked list
- * @param head
- */
 function printLinkedList(head) {
     let list = [];
     while (head !== null) {
@@ -25,21 +22,15 @@ function Trunk(prev, str) {
 }
 
 /**
- * The interface of the tree printer
+ * 打印二叉树
  * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
  * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
- * @param root
  */
 function printTree(root) {
     printTree(root, null, false);
 }
 
-/**
+/* 打印二叉树 */
- * Print a binary tree
- * @param root
- * @param prev
- * @param isRight
- */
 function printTree(root, prev, isRight) {
     if (root === null) {
         return;
@@ -71,10 +62,6 @@ function printTree(root, prev, isRight) {
     printTree(root.left, trunk, false);
 }
 
-/**
- * Helper function to print branches of the binary tree
- * @param p
- */
 function showTrunks(p) {
     if (!p) {
         return;
@@ -84,10 +71,7 @@ function showTrunks(p) {
     process.stdout.write(p.str);
 }
 
-/**
+/* 打印堆 */
- * Print a heap
- * @param arr
- */
 function printHeap(arr) {
     console.log('堆的数组表示：');
     console.log(arr);

codes/javascript/modules/TreeNode.js

@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@
  * Author: IsChristina (christinaxia77@foxmail.com)
  */
 
-/**
+/* 二叉树节点 */
- * Definition for a binary tree node.
- */
 class TreeNode {
     val; // 节点值
     left; // 左子节点指针
@@ -20,11 +18,7 @@ class TreeNode {
     }
 }
 
-/**
+/* 将数组反序列化为二叉树 */
- * Generate a binary tree given an array
- * @param arr
- * @return
- */
 function arrToTree(arr, i = 0) {
     if (i < 0 || i >= arr.length || arr[i] === null) {
         return null;

codes/kotlin/utils/ListNode.kt

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class ListNode(var value: Int) {
     var next: ListNode? = null
 
     companion object {
-        /* 将列表序列化为链表 */
+        /* 将列表反序列化为链表 */
         fun arrToLinkedList(arr: IntArray): ListNode? {
             val dum = ListNode(0)
             var head = dum
@@ -21,14 +21,5 @@ class ListNode(var value: Int) {
             }
             return dum.next
         }
-
-        /* 获取链表中值为 value 的节点 */
-        fun getListNode(h: ListNode, value: Int): ListNode {
-            var head = h
-            while (head.value != value) {
-                head = head.next!!
-            }
-            return head
-        }
     }
 }

codes/python/modules/list_node.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class ListNode:
 
 
 def list_to_linked_list(arr: list[int]) -> ListNode | None:
-    """将列表序列化为链表"""
+    """将列表反序列化为链表"""
     dum = head = ListNode(0)
     for a in arr:
         node = ListNode(a)
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def list_to_linked_list(arr: list[int]) -> ListNode | None:
 
 
 def linked_list_to_list(head: ListNode | None) -> list[int]:
-    """将链表反序列化为列表"""
+    """将链表序列化为列表"""
     arr: list[int] = []
     while head:
         arr.append(head.val)

codes/ruby/utils/list_node.rb

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class ListNode
   end
 end
 
-### 将列表序列化为链表 ###
+### 将列表反序列化为链表 ###
 def arr_to_linked_list(arr)
   head = current = ListNode.new arr[0]
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def arr_to_linked_list(arr)
   head
 end
 
-### 将链表反序列化为列表 ###
+### 将链表序列化为列表 ###
 def linked_list_to_arr(head)
   arr = []
 

codes/rust/include/list_node.rs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ impl<T> ListNode<T> {
         Rc::new(RefCell::new(ListNode { val, next: None }))
     }
 
-    /* Generate a linked list with an array */
+    /* 将数组反序列化为链表 */
     pub fn arr_to_linked_list(array: &[T]) -> Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>
     where
         T: Copy + Clone,
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl<T> ListNode<T> {
         head
     }
 
-    /* Generate a hashmap with a linked_list */
+    /* 将链表转化为哈希表 */
     pub fn linked_list_to_hashmap(
         linked_list: Option<Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>,
     ) -> HashMap<T, Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>>

codes/rust/include/print_util.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ struct Trunk<'a, 'b> {
     str: Cell<&'b str>,
 }
 
-/* Print an array */
+/* 打印数组 */
 pub fn print_array<T: Display>(nums: &[T]) {
     print!("[");
     if nums.len() > 0 {
@@ -29,14 +29,14 @@ pub fn print_array<T: Display>(nums: &[T]) {
     }
 }
 
-/* Print a hash map */
+/* 打印哈希表 */
 pub fn print_hash_map<TKey: Display, TValue: Display>(map: &HashMap<TKey, TValue>) {
     for (key, value) in map {
         println!("{key} -> {value}");
     }
 }
 
-/* Print a queue or deque */
+/* 打印队列（双向队列） */
 pub fn print_queue<T: Display>(queue: &VecDeque<T>) {
     print!("[");
     let iter = queue.iter();
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn print_queue<T: Display>(queue: &VecDeque<T>) {
     }
 }
 
-/* Print a linked list */
+/* 打印链表 */
 pub fn print_linked_list<T: Display>(head: &Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>) {
     print!("{}{}", head.borrow().val, if head.borrow().next.is_none() {"\n"} else {" -> "});
     if let Some(node) = &head.borrow().next {
@@ -53,10 +53,12 @@ pub fn print_linked_list<T: Display>(head: &Rc<RefCell<ListNode<T>>>) {
     }
 }
 
+/* 打印二叉树 */
 pub fn print_tree(root: &Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>) {
     _print_tree(Some(root), None, false);
 }
 
+/* 打印二叉树 */
 fn _print_tree(root: Option<&Rc<RefCell<TreeNode>>>, prev: Option<&Trunk>, is_right: bool) {
     if let Some(node) = root {
         let mut prev_str = "    ";
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ fn show_trunks(trunk: Option<&Trunk>) {
     }
 }
 
-/* Print a heap both in array and tree representations */
+/* 打印堆 */
 pub fn print_heap(heap: Vec<i32>) {
     println!("堆的数组表示：{:?}", heap);
     println!("堆的树状表示：");

codes/typescript/modules/ListNode.ts

@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@
  * Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
  */
 
-/**
+/* 链表节点 */
- * Definition for a singly-linked list node
- */
 class ListNode {
     val: number;
     next: ListNode | null;
@@ -16,11 +14,7 @@ class ListNode {
     }
 }
 
-/**
+/* 将数组反序列化为链表 */
- * Generate a linked list with an array
- * @param arr
- * @return
- */
 function arrToLinkedList(arr: number[]): ListNode | null {
     const dum: ListNode = new ListNode(0);
     let head = dum;
@@ -31,17 +25,4 @@ function arrToLinkedList(arr: number[]): ListNode | null {
     return dum.next;
 }
 
-/**
+export { ListNode, arrToLinkedList };
- * Get a list node with specific value from a linked list
- * @param head
- * @param val
- * @return
- */
-function getListNode(head: ListNode | null, val: number): ListNode | null {
-    while (head !== null && head.val !== val) {
-        head = head.next;
-    }
-    return head;
-}
-
-export { ListNode, arrToLinkedList, getListNode };

codes/typescript/modules/PrintUtil.ts

@@ -7,10 +7,7 @@
 import { ListNode } from './ListNode';
 import { TreeNode, arrToTree } from './TreeNode';
 
-/**
+/* 打印链表 */
- * Print a linked list
- * @param head
- */
 function printLinkedList(head: ListNode | null): void {
     const list: string[] = [];
     while (head !== null) {
@@ -31,21 +28,15 @@ class Trunk {
 }
 
 /**
- * The interface of the tree printer
+ * 打印二叉树
  * This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
  * https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
- * @param root
  */
 function printTree(root: TreeNode | null) {
     printTreeHelper(root, null, false);
 }
 
-/**
+/* 打印二叉树 */
- * Print a binary tree
- * @param root
- * @param prev
- * @param isRight
- */
 function printTreeHelper(
     root: TreeNode | null,
     prev: Trunk | null,
@@ -81,10 +72,6 @@ function printTreeHelper(
     printTreeHelper(root.left, trunk, false);
 }
 
-/**
- * Helper function to print branches of the binary tree
- * @param p
- */
 function showTrunks(p: Trunk | null) {
     if (p === null) {
         return;
@@ -97,10 +84,7 @@ function showTrunks(p: Trunk | null) {
     // restart the vscode
 }
 
-/**
+/* 打印堆 */
- * Print a heap
- * @param arr
- */
 function printHeap(arr: number[]): void {
     console.log('堆的数组表示：');
     console.log(arr);

codes/typescript/modules/TreeNode.ts

@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@
  * Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
  */
 
-/**
+/* 二叉树节点 */
- * Definition for a binary tree node.
- */
 class TreeNode {
     val: number; // 节点值
     height: number; // 节点高度
@@ -25,11 +23,7 @@ class TreeNode {
     }
 }
 
-/**
+/* 将数组反序列化为二叉树 */
- * Generate a binary tree given an array
- * @param arr
- * @return
- */
 function arrToTree(arr: (number | null)[], i: number = 0): TreeNode | null {
     if (i < 0 || i >= arr.length || arr[i] === null) {
         return null;

codes/zig/include/ListNode.zig

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 const std = @import("std");
 
-// Definition for a singly-linked list node
+// 链表节点
 pub fn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {
     return struct {
         const Self = @This();
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn ListNode(comptime T: type) type {
     };
 }
 
-// Generate a linked list with a list
+// 将列表反序列化为链表
 pub fn listToLinkedList(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, list: std.ArrayList(T)) !?*ListNode(T) {
     var dum = try mem_allocator.create(ListNode(T));
     dum.init(0);
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ pub fn listToLinkedList(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, list
     return dum.next;
 }
 
-// Generate a linked list with an array
+// 将数组反序列化为链表
 pub fn arrToLinkedList(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, arr: []T) !?*ListNode(T) {
     var dum = try mem_allocator.create(ListNode(T));
     dum.init(0);

codes/zig/include/PrintUtil.zig

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ pub const ListNode = ListUtil.ListNode;
 pub const TreeUtil = @import("TreeNode.zig");
 pub const TreeNode = TreeUtil.TreeNode;
 
-// Print an array
+// 打印数组
 pub fn printArray(comptime T: type, nums: []T) void {
     std.debug.print("[", .{});
     if (nums.len > 0) {
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub fn printArray(comptime T: type, nums: []T) void {
     }
 }
 
-// Print a list
+// 打印列表
 pub fn printList(comptime T: type, list: std.ArrayList(T)) void {
     std.debug.print("[", .{});
     if (list.items.len > 0) {
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub fn printList(comptime T: type, list: std.ArrayList(T)) void {
     }
 }
 
-// Print a linked list
+// 打印链表
 pub fn printLinkedList(comptime T: type, node: ?*ListNode(T)) !void {
     if (node == null) return;
     var list = std.ArrayList(T).init(std.heap.page_allocator);
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub fn printLinkedList(comptime T: type, node: ?*ListNode(T)) !void {
     }
 }
 
-// Print a queue or deque
+// 打印队列
 pub fn printQueue(comptime T: type, queue: std.TailQueue(T)) void {
     var node = queue.first;
     std.debug.print("[", .{});
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub fn printQueue(comptime T: type, queue: std.TailQueue(T)) void {
     }
 }
 
-// Print a hash map
+// 打印哈希表
 pub fn printHashMap(comptime TKey: type, comptime TValue: type, map: std.AutoHashMap(TKey, TValue)) void {
     var it = map.iterator();
     while (it.next()) |kv| {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub fn printHashMap(comptime TKey: type, comptime TValue: type, map: std.AutoHas
     }
 }
 
-// print a heap (PriorityQueue)
+// 打印堆
 pub fn printHeap(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, queue: anytype) !void {
     var arr = queue.items;
     var len = queue.len;
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ pub fn printHeap(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, queue: anyt
     try printTree(root, null, false);
 }
 
+// 打印二叉树
 // This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
 // https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
 const Trunk = struct {
@@ -92,15 +93,13 @@ const Trunk = struct {
     }
 };
 
-// Helper function to print branches of the binary tree
 pub fn showTrunks(p: ?*Trunk) void {
     if (p == null) return;
     showTrunks(p.?.prev);
     std.debug.print("{s}", .{p.?.str});
 }
 
-// The interface of the tree printer
+// 打印二叉树
-// Print a binary tree
 pub fn printTree(root: ?*TreeNode(i32), prev: ?*Trunk, isRight: bool) !void {
     if (root == null) {
         return;

codes/zig/include/TreeNode.zig

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 const std = @import("std");
 
-// Definition for a binary tree node
+// 二叉树节点
 pub fn TreeNode(comptime T: type) type {
     return struct {
         const Self = @This();
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ pub fn TreeNode(comptime T: type) type {
     };   
 }
 
-// Generate a binary tree with an array
+// 将数组反序列化为二叉树
 pub fn arrToTree(comptime T: type, mem_allocator: std.mem.Allocator, arr: []T) !?*TreeNode(T) {
     if (arr.len == 0) return null;
     var root = try mem_allocator.create(TreeNode(T));

docs/chapter_appendix/terminology.md

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
 | adjacency list                 | 邻接表         | 鄰接表         |
 | breadth-first search           | 广度优先搜索   | 廣度優先搜尋   |
 | depth-first search             | 深度优先搜索   | 深度優先搜尋   |
-| binary search                  | 二分查找       | 二分查找       |
+| binary search                  | 二分查找       | 二分搜尋       |
 | searching algorithm            | 搜索算法       | 搜尋演算法     |
 | sorting algorithm              | 排序算法       | 排序演算法     |
 | selection sort                 | 选择排序       | 選擇排序       |
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@
 | $n$-queens problem             | $n$ 皇后问题   | $n$ 皇后問題   |
 | dynamic programming            | 动态规划       | 動態規劃       |
 | initial state                  | 初始状态       | 初始狀態       |
-| state-transition equation       | 状态转移方程   | 狀態轉移方程   |
+| state-transition equation      | 状态转移方程   | 狀態轉移方程   |
 | knapsack problem               | 背包问题       | 背包問題       |
 | edit distance problem          | 编辑距离问题   | 編輯距離問題   |
 | greedy algorithm               | 贪心算法       | 貪婪演算法     |

docs/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.md

@@ -700,7 +700,7 @@
         }
     }
     /* 递归 O(n) */
-    void recur(n: i32) {
+    fn recur(n: i32) {
         if n == 1 {
             return;
         }

docs/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque.md

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@
     int size = deque.length;
 
     /* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
-    bool isEmpty = deque.isEmpty;W
+    bool isEmpty = deque.isEmpty;
     ```
 
 === "Rust"