feat: add Swift codes for heap article (#306)

* feat: add Swift codes for heap article

* Update heap.md

---------

Co-authored-by: Yudong Jin <krahets@163.com>
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nuomi1 2023-01-29 14:03:30 +08:00 committed by GitHub
parent 29b096d90d
commit 08bfa0669a
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4 changed files with 273 additions and 3 deletions

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@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ let package = Package(
.executable(name: "binary_tree_dfs", targets: ["binary_tree_dfs"]),
.executable(name: "binary_search_tree", targets: ["binary_search_tree"]),
.executable(name: "avl_tree", targets: ["avl_tree"]),
.executable(name: "my_heap", targets: ["my_heap"]),
],
targets: [
.target(name: "utils", path: "utils"),
@ -52,5 +53,6 @@ let package = Package(
.executableTarget(name: "binary_tree_dfs", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["binary_tree_dfs.swift"]),
.executableTarget(name: "binary_search_tree", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["binary_search_tree.swift"]),
.executableTarget(name: "avl_tree", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_tree", sources: ["avl_tree.swift"]),
.executableTarget(name: "my_heap", dependencies: ["utils"], path: "chapter_heap", sources: ["my_heap.swift"]),
]
)

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@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
/**
* File: my_heap.swift
* Created Time: 2023-01-28
* Author: nuomi1 (nuomi1@qq.com)
*/
import utils
class MaxHeap {
private var maxHeap: [Int]
/* */
init() {
maxHeap = []
}
/* */
init(nums: [Int]) {
//
maxHeap = nums
//
for i in stride(from: parent(i: size() - 1), through: 0, by: -1) {
siftDown(i: i)
}
}
/* */
private func left(i: Int) -> Int {
2 * i + 1
}
/* */
private func right(i: Int) -> Int {
2 * i + 2
}
/* */
private func parent(i: Int) -> Int {
(i - 1) / 2 //
}
/* */
private func swap(i: Int, j: Int) {
maxHeap.swapAt(i, j)
}
/* */
func size() -> Int {
maxHeap.count
}
/* */
func isEmpty() -> Bool {
size() == 0
}
/* 访 */
func peek() -> Int {
maxHeap[0]
}
/* */
func push(val: Int) {
//
maxHeap.append(val)
//
siftUp(i: size() - 1)
}
/* i */
private func siftUp(i: Int) {
var i = i
while true {
// i
let p = parent(i: i)
//
if p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p] {
break
}
//
swap(i: i, j: p)
//
i = p
}
}
/* */
func poll() -> Int {
//
if isEmpty() {
fatalError("堆为空")
}
//
swap(i: 0, j: size() - 1)
//
let val = maxHeap.remove(at: size() - 1)
//
siftDown(i: 0)
//
return val
}
/* i */
private func siftDown(i: Int) {
var i = i
while true {
// i, l, r ma
let l = left(i: i)
let r = right(i: i)
var ma = i
if l < size(), maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma] {
ma = l
}
if r < size(), maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma] {
ma = r
}
// i l, r
if ma == i {
break
}
//
swap(i: i, j: ma)
//
i = ma
}
}
/* */
func print() {
let queue = maxHeap
PrintUtil.printHeap(queue: queue)
}
}
@main
enum MyHeap {
/* Driver Code */
static func main() {
/* */
let maxHeap = MaxHeap(nums: [9, 8, 6, 6, 7, 5, 2, 1, 4, 3, 6, 2])
print("\n输入列表并建堆后")
maxHeap.print()
/* */
var peek = maxHeap.peek()
print("\n堆顶元素为 \(peek)")
/* */
let val = 7
maxHeap.push(val: val)
print("\n元素 \(val) 入堆后")
maxHeap.print()
/* */
peek = maxHeap.poll()
print("\n堆顶元素 \(peek) 出堆后")
maxHeap.print()
/* */
let size = maxHeap.size()
print("\n堆元素数量为 \(size)")
/* */
let isEmpty = maxHeap.isEmpty()
print("\n堆是否为空 \(isEmpty)")
}
}

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@ -74,4 +74,12 @@ public enum PrintUtil {
print("\(key) -> \(value)")
}
}
public static func printHeap(queue: [Int]) {
print("堆的数组表示:", terminator: "")
print(queue)
print("堆的树状表示:")
let root = TreeNode.listToTree(list: queue)
printTree(root: root)
}
}

View File

@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ comments: true
=== "Swift"
```swift title="heap.swift"
// Swift 未提供内置 heap 类
```
## 堆的实现
@ -317,7 +317,27 @@ comments: true
=== "Swift"
```swift title="my_heap.swift"
var maxHeap: [Int]
/* 构造函数,建立空堆 */
init() {
maxHeap = []
}
/* 获取左子结点索引 */
func left(i: Int) -> Int {
2 * i + 1
}
/* 获取右子结点索引 */
func right(i: Int) -> Int {
2 * i + 2
}
/* 获取父结点索引 */
func parent(i: Int) -> Int {
(i - 1) / 2 // 向下整除
}
```
### 访问堆顶元素
@ -381,7 +401,10 @@ comments: true
=== "Swift"
```swift title="my_heap.swift"
/* 访问堆顶元素 */
func peek() -> Int {
maxHeap[0]
}
```
### 元素入堆
@ -504,7 +527,30 @@ comments: true
=== "Swift"
```swift title="my_heap.swift"
/* 元素入堆 */
func push(val: Int) {
// 添加结点
maxHeap.append(val)
// 从底至顶堆化
siftUp(i: size() - 1)
}
/* 从结点 i 开始,从底至顶堆化 */
func siftUp(i: Int) {
var i = i
while true {
// 获取结点 i 的父结点
let p = parent(i: i)
// 当“越过根结点”或“结点无需修复”时,结束堆化
if p < 0 || maxHeap[i] <= maxHeap[p] {
break
}
// 交换两结点
swap(i: i, j: p)
// 循环向上堆化
i = p
}
}
```
### 堆顶元素出堆
@ -670,7 +716,46 @@ comments: true
=== "Swift"
```swift title="my_heap.swift"
/* 元素出堆 */
func poll() -> Int {
// 判空处理
if isEmpty() {
fatalError("堆为空")
}
// 交换根结点与最右叶结点(即交换首元素与尾元素)
swap(i: 0, j: size() - 1)
// 删除结点
let val = maxHeap.remove(at: size() - 1)
// 从顶至底堆化
siftDown(i: 0)
// 返回堆顶元素
return val
}
/* 从结点 i 开始,从顶至底堆化 */
func siftDown(i: Int) {
var i = i
while true {
// 判断结点 i, l, r 中值最大的结点,记为 ma
let l = left(i: i)
let r = right(i: i)
var ma = i
if l < size(), maxHeap[l] > maxHeap[ma] {
ma = l
}
if r < size(), maxHeap[r] > maxHeap[ma] {
ma = r
}
// 若结点 i 最大或索引 l, r 越界,则无需继续堆化,跳出
if ma == i {
break
}
// 交换两结点
swap(i: i, j: ma)
// 循环向下堆化
i = ma
}
}
```
### 输入数据并建堆 *
@ -747,7 +832,15 @@ comments: true
=== "Swift"
```swift title="my_heap.swift"
/* 构造函数,根据输入列表建堆 */
init(nums: [Int]) {
// 将列表元素原封不动添加进堆
maxHeap = nums
// 堆化除叶结点以外的其他所有结点
for i in stride(from: parent(i: size() - 1), through: 0, by: -1) {
siftDown(i: i)
}
}
```
那么,第二种建堆方法的时间复杂度时多少呢?我们来做一下简单推算。