Merge branch 'master' into master
This commit is contained in:
commit
2899f453fb
6
.github/pull_request_template.md
vendored
6
.github/pull_request_template.md
vendored
@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
|
||||
> Tip: If this PR is not related to the coding or code translation, please ignore the checklist.
|
||||
|
||||
### Checklist
|
||||
If this PR is related to coding or code translation, please fill out the checklist.
|
||||
|
||||
- [ ] I've tested the code and ensured the outputs are the same as the outputs of reference codes.
|
||||
- [ ] I've checked the codes (formatting, comments, indentation, file header, etc) carefully.
|
||||
- [ ] The code is not relied on a particular environment or IDE and can be runned on a common system (Win, MacOS, Ubuntu).
|
||||
- [ ] The code does not rely on a particular environment or IDE and can be executed on a standard system (Win, macOS, Ubuntu).
|
||||
|
3
.gitignore
vendored
3
.gitignore
vendored
@ -13,3 +13,6 @@ docs/overrides/
|
||||
|
||||
# python files
|
||||
__pycache__
|
||||
|
||||
# iml
|
||||
hello-algo.iml
|
||||
|
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
|
||||
- 开源免费,所有同学都可在网上获取本书;
|
||||
- 新手友好,适合算法初学者自主学习入门;
|
||||
- 动画讲解,尽可能地保证平滑的学习曲线;
|
||||
- 代码导向,提供精简、可运行的算法代码;
|
||||
- 代码导向,提供可一键运行的算法源代码;
|
||||
- 讨论学习,提问一般能在三日内得到回复;
|
||||
|
||||
如果感觉本书对你有所帮助,请点个 Star :star: 支持一下,谢谢!
|
||||
|
72
codes/c/chapter_sorting/bubble_sort.c
Normal file
72
codes/c/chapter_sorting/bubble_sort.c
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: bubble_sort.c
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-26
|
||||
* Author: Listening (https://github.com/L-Super)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
#include "../include/include.h"
|
||||
|
||||
/* 冒泡排序 */
|
||||
void bubble_sort(int nums[], int size)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 外循环:待排序元素数量为 n-1, n-2, ..., 1
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 内循环:冒泡操作
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < size - 1 - i; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1])
|
||||
{
|
||||
int temp = nums[j];
|
||||
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = temp;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 冒泡排序(标志优化)*/
|
||||
void bubble_sort_with_flag(int nums[], int size)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 外循环:待排序元素数量为 n-1, n-2, ..., 1
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
bool flag = false;
|
||||
// 内循环:冒泡操作
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < size - 1 - i; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1])
|
||||
{
|
||||
int temp = nums[j];
|
||||
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = temp;
|
||||
flag = true;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (!flag)
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
int main()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int nums[6] = {4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2};
|
||||
printf("冒泡排序后:\n");
|
||||
bubble_sort(nums, 6);
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
printf("%d ", nums[i]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
printf("优化版冒泡排序后:\n");
|
||||
bubble_sort_with_flag(nums, 6);
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
printf("%d ", nums[i]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
printf("\n");
|
||||
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
41
codes/c/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort.c
Normal file
41
codes/c/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort.c
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* File: insertion_sort.c
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-29
|
||||
* Author: Listening (https://github.com/L-Super)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
#include "../include/include.h"
|
||||
|
||||
/* 插入排序 */
|
||||
void insertionSort(int nums[], int size)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 外循环:base = nums[1], nums[2], ..., nums[n-1]
|
||||
for (int i = 1; i < size; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int base = nums[i], j = i - 1;
|
||||
// 内循环:将 base 插入到左边的正确位置
|
||||
while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 1. 将 nums[j] 向右移动一位
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = nums[j];
|
||||
j--;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 2. 将 base 赋值到正确位置
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = base;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
int main()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int nums[] = {4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2};
|
||||
insertionSort(nums, 6);
|
||||
printf("插入排序完成后 nums = \n");
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
printf("%d ", nums[i]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
printf("\n");
|
||||
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
@ -7,5 +7,6 @@
|
||||
#include <stdio.h>
|
||||
#include <stdlib.h>
|
||||
#include <string.h>
|
||||
#include <stdbool.h>
|
||||
|
||||
#include "PrintUtil.h"
|
||||
#include "PrintUtil.h"
|
||||
|
@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ void remove(ListNode* n0) {
|
||||
ListNode* P = n0->next;
|
||||
ListNode* n1 = P->next;
|
||||
n0->next = n1;
|
||||
// 释放内存
|
||||
delete P;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问链表中索引为 index 的结点 */
|
||||
|
@ -14,9 +14,8 @@ void bubbleSort(vector<int>& nums) {
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
|
||||
if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {
|
||||
// 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]
|
||||
int tmp = nums[j];
|
||||
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = tmp;
|
||||
// 这里使用了 std::swap() 函数
|
||||
swap(nums[j], nums[j + 1]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -31,9 +30,8 @@ void bubbleSortWithFlag(vector<int>& nums) {
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
|
||||
if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1]) {
|
||||
// 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]
|
||||
int tmp = nums[j];
|
||||
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = tmp;
|
||||
// 这里使用了 std::swap() 函数
|
||||
swap(nums[j], nums[j + 1]);
|
||||
flag = true; // 记录交换元素
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -22,13 +22,13 @@ void merge(vector<int>& nums, int left, int mid, int right) {
|
||||
int i = leftStart, j = rightStart;
|
||||
// 通过覆盖原数组 nums 来合并左子数组和右子数组
|
||||
for (int k = left; k <= right; k++) {
|
||||
// 若 “左子数组已全部合并完”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
// 若“左子数组已全部合并完”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
if (i > leftEnd)
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[j++];
|
||||
// 否则,若 “右子数组已全部合并完” 或 “左子数组元素 < 右子数组元素”,则选取左子数组元素,并且 i++
|
||||
// 否则,若“右子数组已全部合并完”或“左子数组元素 <= 右子数组元素”,则选取左子数组元素,并且 i++
|
||||
else if (j > rightEnd || tmp[i] <= tmp[j])
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[i++];
|
||||
// 否则,若 “左子数组元素 > 右子数组元素”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
// 否则,若“左右子数组都未全部合并完”且“左子数组元素 > 右子数组元素”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
else
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[j++];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -59,19 +59,11 @@ public:
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
int peek() {
|
||||
// 删除头结点
|
||||
if (empty())
|
||||
throw out_of_range("队列为空");
|
||||
return nums[front];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问指定索引元素 */
|
||||
int get(int index) {
|
||||
if (index >= size())
|
||||
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
|
||||
return nums[(front + index) % capacity()];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将数组转化为 Vector 并返回 */
|
||||
vector<int> toVector() {
|
||||
int siz = size();
|
||||
@ -104,11 +96,7 @@ int main() {
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
int peek = queue->peek();
|
||||
cout << "队首元素 peek = " << peek << endl;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问指定索引元素 */
|
||||
int num = queue->get(2);
|
||||
cout << "队列第 3 个元素为 num = " << num << endl;
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
int poll = queue->poll();
|
||||
cout << "出队元素 poll = " << poll << ",出队后 queue = ";
|
||||
|
@ -41,13 +41,6 @@ public:
|
||||
return stack.back();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
|
||||
int get(int index) {
|
||||
if(index >= size())
|
||||
throw out_of_range("索引越界");
|
||||
return stack[index];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 返回 Vector */
|
||||
vector<int> toVector() {
|
||||
return stack;
|
||||
@ -73,10 +66,6 @@ int main() {
|
||||
int top = stack->top();
|
||||
cout << "栈顶元素 top = " << top << endl;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
|
||||
int num = stack->get(3);
|
||||
cout << "栈索引 3 处的元素为 num = " << num << endl;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出栈 */
|
||||
int pop = stack->pop();
|
||||
cout << "出栈元素 pop = " << pop << ",出栈后 stack = ";
|
||||
|
@ -50,7 +50,10 @@ public:
|
||||
int poll() {
|
||||
int num = peek();
|
||||
// 删除头结点
|
||||
ListNode *tmp = front;
|
||||
front = front->next;
|
||||
// 释放内存
|
||||
delete tmp;
|
||||
queSize--;
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -39,7 +39,10 @@ public:
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
int pop() {
|
||||
int num = top();
|
||||
ListNode *tmp = stackTop;
|
||||
stackTop = stackTop->next;
|
||||
// 释放内存
|
||||
delete tmp;
|
||||
stkSize--;
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -96,11 +96,13 @@ public:
|
||||
// 删除结点 cur
|
||||
if (pre->left == cur) pre->left = child;
|
||||
else pre->right = child;
|
||||
// 释放内存
|
||||
delete cur;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 子结点数量 = 2
|
||||
else {
|
||||
// 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个结点
|
||||
TreeNode* nex = min(cur->right);
|
||||
TreeNode* nex = getInOrderNext(cur->right);
|
||||
int tmp = nex->val;
|
||||
// 递归删除结点 nex
|
||||
remove(nex->val);
|
||||
@ -110,8 +112,8 @@ public:
|
||||
return cur;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取最小结点 */
|
||||
TreeNode* min(TreeNode* root) {
|
||||
/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
|
||||
TreeNode* getInOrderNext(TreeNode* root) {
|
||||
if (root == nullptr) return root;
|
||||
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
|
||||
while (root->left != nullptr) {
|
||||
|
@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ int main() {
|
||||
PrintUtil::printTree(n1);
|
||||
// 删除结点 P
|
||||
n1->left = n2;
|
||||
delete P; // 释放内存
|
||||
cout << endl << "删除结点 P 后\n" << endl;
|
||||
PrintUtil::printTree(n1);
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ vector<int> hierOrder(TreeNode* root) {
|
||||
vector<int> vec;
|
||||
while (!queue.empty()) {
|
||||
TreeNode* node = queue.front();
|
||||
queue.pop(); // 队列出队
|
||||
vec.push_back(node->val); // 保存结点
|
||||
queue.pop(); // 队列出队
|
||||
vec.push_back(node->val); // 保存结点
|
||||
if (node->left != nullptr)
|
||||
queue.push(node->left); // 左子结点入队
|
||||
queue.push(node->left); // 左子结点入队
|
||||
if (node->right != nullptr)
|
||||
queue.push(node->right); // 右子结点入队
|
||||
queue.push(node->right); // 右子结点入队
|
||||
}
|
||||
return vec;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||
// File: Array.cs
|
||||
// File: array.cs
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-14
|
||||
// Author: mingXta (1195669834@qq.com)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -134,4 +134,4 @@ namespace hello_algo.chapter_array_and_linkedlist
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("在 nums 中查找元素 3 ,得到索引 = " + index);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||
// File: LinkedList.cs
|
||||
// File: linked_list.cs
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-16
|
||||
// Author: mingXta (1195669834@qq.com)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -7,14 +7,14 @@ using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_array_and_linkedlist
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class LinkedList
|
||||
public class linked_list
|
||||
{
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// 在链表的结点 n0 之后插入结点 P
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
public static void Insert(ListNode n0, ListNode P)
|
||||
{
|
||||
ListNode n1 = n0.next;
|
||||
ListNode? n1 = n0.next;
|
||||
n0.next = P;
|
||||
P.next = n1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ namespace hello_algo.chapter_array_and_linkedlist
|
||||
return;
|
||||
// n0 -> P -> n1
|
||||
ListNode P = n0.next;
|
||||
ListNode n1 = P.next;
|
||||
ListNode? n1 = P.next;
|
||||
n0.next = n1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// 访问链表中索引为 index 的结点
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
public static ListNode Access(ListNode head, int index)
|
||||
public static ListNode? Access(ListNode head, int index)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
@ -89,12 +89,12 @@ namespace hello_algo.chapter_array_and_linkedlist
|
||||
Console.WriteLine($"删除结点后的链表为{n0}");
|
||||
|
||||
// 访问结点
|
||||
ListNode node = Access(n0, 3);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine($"链表中索引 3 处的结点的值 = {node.val}");
|
||||
ListNode? node = Access(n0, 3);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine($"链表中索引 3 处的结点的值 = {node?.val}");
|
||||
|
||||
// 查找结点
|
||||
int index = Find(n0, 2);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine($"链表中值为 2 的结点的索引 = {index}");
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
75
codes/csharp/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.cs
Normal file
75
codes/csharp/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: list.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_array_and_linkedlist
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class list
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
/* 初始化列表 */
|
||||
// 注意数组的元素类型是 int[] 的包装类 int[]
|
||||
int[] numbers = new int[] { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
|
||||
List<int> list = numbers.ToList();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("列表 list = " + string.Join(",",list));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问元素 */
|
||||
int num = list[1];
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("访问索引 1 处的元素,得到 num = " + num);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 更新元素 */
|
||||
list[1] = 0;
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("将索引 1 处的元素更新为 0 ,得到 list = " + string.Join(",", list));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 清空列表 */
|
||||
list.Clear();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("清空列表后 list = " + string.Join(",", list));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 尾部添加元素 */
|
||||
list.Add(1);
|
||||
list.Add(3);
|
||||
list.Add(2);
|
||||
list.Add(5);
|
||||
list.Add(4);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("添加元素后 list = " + string.Join(",", list));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 中间插入元素 */
|
||||
list.Insert(3, 6);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 list = " + string.Join(",", list));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除元素 */
|
||||
list.RemoveAt(3);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("删除索引 3 处的元素,得到 list = " + string.Join(",", list));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 通过索引遍历列表 */
|
||||
int count = 0;
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < list.Count(); i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
count++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 直接遍历列表元素 */
|
||||
count = 0;
|
||||
foreach (int n in list)
|
||||
{
|
||||
count++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 拼接两个列表 */
|
||||
List<int> list1 = new() { 6, 8, 7, 10, 9 };
|
||||
list.AddRange(list1);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("将列表 list1 拼接到 list 之后,得到 list = " + string.Join(",", list));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 排序列表 */
|
||||
list.Sort(); // 排序后,列表元素从小到大排列
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("排序列表后 list = " + string.Join(",", list));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
164
codes/csharp/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.cs
Normal file
164
codes/csharp/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: my_list.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_array_and_linkedlist
|
||||
{
|
||||
class MyList
|
||||
{
|
||||
private int[] nums; // 数组(存储列表元素)
|
||||
private int capacity = 10; // 列表容量
|
||||
private int size = 0; // 列表长度(即当前元素数量)
|
||||
private int extendRatio = 2; // 每次列表扩容的倍数
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构造函数 */
|
||||
public MyList()
|
||||
{
|
||||
nums = new int[capacity];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取列表长度(即当前元素数量)*/
|
||||
public int Size()
|
||||
{
|
||||
return size;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取列表容量 */
|
||||
public int Capacity()
|
||||
{
|
||||
return capacity;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问元素 */
|
||||
public int Get(int index)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 索引如果越界则抛出异常,下同
|
||||
if (index >= size)
|
||||
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("索引越界");
|
||||
return nums[index];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 更新元素 */
|
||||
public void Set(int index, int num)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (index >= size)
|
||||
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("索引越界");
|
||||
nums[index] = num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 尾部添加元素 */
|
||||
public void Add(int num)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
|
||||
if (size == Capacity())
|
||||
ExtendCapacity();
|
||||
nums[size] = num;
|
||||
// 更新元素数量
|
||||
size++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 中间插入元素 */
|
||||
public void Insert(int index, int num)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (index >= size)
|
||||
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("索引越界");
|
||||
// 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
|
||||
if (size == Capacity())
|
||||
ExtendCapacity();
|
||||
// 将索引 index 以及之后的元素都向后移动一位
|
||||
for (int j = size - 1; j >= index; j--)
|
||||
{
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = nums[j];
|
||||
}
|
||||
nums[index] = num;
|
||||
// 更新元素数量
|
||||
size++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除元素 */
|
||||
public int Remove(int index)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (index >= size)
|
||||
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("索引越界");
|
||||
int num = nums[index];
|
||||
// 将索引 index 之后的元素都向前移动一位
|
||||
for (int j = index; j < size - 1; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 更新元素数量
|
||||
size--;
|
||||
// 返回被删除元素
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 列表扩容 */
|
||||
public void ExtendCapacity()
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 新建一个长度为 size 的数组,并将原数组拷贝到新数组
|
||||
System.Array.Resize(ref nums, Capacity() * extendRatio);
|
||||
// 更新列表容量
|
||||
capacity = nums.Length;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将列表转换为数组 */
|
||||
public int[] ToArray()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int size = Size();
|
||||
// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
|
||||
int[] nums = new int[size];
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
nums[i] = Get(i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return nums;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class my_list
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化列表 */
|
||||
MyList list = new MyList();
|
||||
/* 尾部添加元素 */
|
||||
list.Add(1);
|
||||
list.Add(3);
|
||||
list.Add(2);
|
||||
list.Add(5);
|
||||
list.Add(4);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("列表 list = " + string.Join(",", list.ToArray()) +
|
||||
" ,容量 = " + list.Capacity() + " ,长度 = " + list.Size());
|
||||
|
||||
/* 中间插入元素 */
|
||||
list.Insert(3, 6);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 list = " + string.Join(",", list.ToArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除元素 */
|
||||
list.Remove(3);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("删除索引 3 处的元素,得到 list = " + string.Join(",", list.ToArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问元素 */
|
||||
int num = list.Get(1);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("访问索引 1 处的元素,得到 num = " + num);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 更新元素 */
|
||||
list.Set(1, 0);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("将索引 1 处的元素更新为 0 ,得到 list = " + string.Join(",", list.ToArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 测试扩容机制 */
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 在 i = 5 时,列表长度将超出列表容量,此时触发扩容机制
|
||||
list.Add(i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("扩容后的列表 list = " + string.Join(",", list.ToArray()) +
|
||||
" ,容量 = " + list.Capacity() + " ,长度 = " + list.Size());
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: leetcode_two_sum.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_computational_complexity
|
||||
{
|
||||
class SolutionBruteForce
|
||||
{
|
||||
public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int size = nums.Length;
|
||||
// 两层循环,时间复杂度 O(n^2)
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (nums[i] + nums[j] == target)
|
||||
return new int[] { i, j };
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return new int[0];
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
class SolutionHashMap
|
||||
{
|
||||
public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int size = nums.Length;
|
||||
// 辅助哈希表,空间复杂度 O(n)
|
||||
Dictionary<int, int> dic = new();
|
||||
// 单层循环,时间复杂度 O(n)
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (dic.ContainsKey(target - nums[i]))
|
||||
{
|
||||
return new int[] { dic[target - nums[i]], i };
|
||||
}
|
||||
dic.Add(nums[i], i);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return new int[0];
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class leetcode_two_sum
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
// ======= Test Case =======
|
||||
int[] nums = { 2, 7, 11, 15 };
|
||||
int target = 9;
|
||||
|
||||
// ====== Driver Code ======
|
||||
// 方法一
|
||||
SolutionBruteForce slt1 = new SolutionBruteForce();
|
||||
int[] res = slt1.twoSum(nums, target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("方法一 res = " + string.Join(",", res));
|
||||
// 方法二
|
||||
SolutionHashMap slt2 = new SolutionHashMap();
|
||||
res = slt2.twoSum(nums, target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("方法二 res = " + string.Join(",", res));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: space_complexity.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using hello_algo.include;
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_computational_complexity
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class space_complexity
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 函数 */
|
||||
static int function()
|
||||
{
|
||||
// do something
|
||||
return 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 常数阶 */
|
||||
static void constant(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 常量、变量、对象占用 O(1) 空间
|
||||
int a = 0;
|
||||
int b = 0;
|
||||
int[] nums = new int[10000];
|
||||
ListNode node = new ListNode(0);
|
||||
// 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int c = 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 循环中的函数占用 O(1) 空间
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
function();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 线性阶 */
|
||||
static void linear(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间
|
||||
int[] nums = new int[n];
|
||||
// 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间
|
||||
List<ListNode> nodes = new();
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
nodes.Add(new ListNode(i));
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 长度为 n 的哈希表占用 O(n) 空间
|
||||
Dictionary<int, String> map = new();
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
map.Add(i, i.ToString());
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 线性阶(递归实现) */
|
||||
static void linearRecur(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("递归 n = " + n);
|
||||
if (n == 1) return;
|
||||
linearRecur(n - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 平方阶 */
|
||||
static void quadratic(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 矩阵占用 O(n^2) 空间
|
||||
int[,] numMatrix = new int[n, n];
|
||||
// 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间
|
||||
List<List<int>> numList = new();
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
List<int> tmp = new();
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
tmp.Add(0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
numList.Add(tmp);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 平方阶(递归实现) */
|
||||
static int quadraticRecur(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (n <= 0) return 0;
|
||||
int[] nums = new int[n];
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("递归 n = " + n + " 中的 nums 长度 = " + nums.Length);
|
||||
return quadraticRecur(n - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 指数阶(建立满二叉树) */
|
||||
static TreeNode? buildTree(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (n == 0) return null;
|
||||
TreeNode root = new TreeNode(0);
|
||||
root.left = buildTree(n - 1);
|
||||
root.right = buildTree(n - 1);
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int n = 5;
|
||||
// 常数阶
|
||||
constant(n);
|
||||
// 线性阶
|
||||
linear(n);
|
||||
linearRecur(n);
|
||||
// 平方阶
|
||||
quadratic(n);
|
||||
quadraticRecur(n);
|
||||
// 指数阶
|
||||
TreeNode? root = buildTree(n);
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(root);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
232
codes/csharp/chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity.cs
Normal file
232
codes/csharp/chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: time_complexity.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_computational_complexity
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class time_complexity
|
||||
{
|
||||
void algorithm(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int a = 1; // +0(技巧 1)
|
||||
a = a + n; // +0(技巧 1)
|
||||
// +n(技巧 2)
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 5 * n + 1; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
// +n*n(技巧 3)
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 2 * n; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < n + 1; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 算法 A 时间复杂度:常数阶
|
||||
void algorithm_A(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 算法 B 时间复杂度:线性阶
|
||||
void algorithm_B(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 算法 C 时间复杂度:常数阶
|
||||
void algorithm_C(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 常数阶 */
|
||||
static int constant(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int count = 0;
|
||||
int size = 100000;
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
|
||||
count++;
|
||||
return count;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 线性阶 */
|
||||
static int linear(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int count = 0;
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
count++;
|
||||
return count;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 线性阶(遍历数组) */
|
||||
static int arrayTraversal(int[] nums)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int count = 0;
|
||||
// 循环次数与数组长度成正比
|
||||
foreach (int num in nums)
|
||||
{
|
||||
count++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return count;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 平方阶 */
|
||||
static int quadratic(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int count = 0;
|
||||
// 循环次数与数组长度成平方关系
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
count++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return count;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 平方阶(冒泡排序) */
|
||||
static int bubbleSort(int[] nums)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int count = 0; // 计数器
|
||||
// 外循环:待排序元素数量为 n-1, n-2, ..., 1
|
||||
for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > 0; i--)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 内循环:冒泡操作
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1])
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]
|
||||
int tmp = nums[j];
|
||||
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = tmp;
|
||||
count += 3; // 元素交换包含 3 个单元操作
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return count;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 指数阶(循环实现) */
|
||||
static int exponential(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int count = 0, bas = 1;
|
||||
// cell 每轮一分为二,形成数列 1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2^(n-1)
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < bas; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
count++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
bas *= 2;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// count = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + .. + 2^(n-1) = 2^n - 1
|
||||
return count;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 指数阶(递归实现) */
|
||||
static int expRecur(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (n == 1) return 1;
|
||||
return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 对数阶(循环实现) */
|
||||
static int logarithmic(float n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int count = 0;
|
||||
while (n > 1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
n = n / 2;
|
||||
count++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return count;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 对数阶(递归实现) */
|
||||
static int logRecur(float n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (n <= 1) return 0;
|
||||
return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 线性对数阶 */
|
||||
static int linearLogRecur(float n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (n <= 1) return 1;
|
||||
int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) +
|
||||
linearLogRecur(n / 2);
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
count++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return count;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 阶乘阶(递归实现) */
|
||||
static int factorialRecur(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (n == 0) return 1;
|
||||
int count = 0;
|
||||
// 从 1 个分裂出 n 个
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
count += factorialRecur(n - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return count;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 可以修改 n 运行,体会一下各种复杂度的操作数量变化趋势
|
||||
int n = 8;
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("输入数据大小 n = " + n);
|
||||
|
||||
int count = constant(n);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("常数阶的计算操作数量 = " + count);
|
||||
|
||||
count = linear(n);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("线性阶的计算操作数量 = " + count);
|
||||
count = arrayTraversal(new int[n]);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("线性阶(遍历数组)的计算操作数量 = " + count);
|
||||
|
||||
count = quadratic(n);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("平方阶的计算操作数量 = " + count);
|
||||
int[] nums = new int[n];
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
nums[i] = n - i; // [n,n-1,...,2,1]
|
||||
count = bubbleSort(nums);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("平方阶(冒泡排序)的计算操作数量 = " + count);
|
||||
|
||||
count = exponential(n);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("指数阶(循环实现)的计算操作数量 = " + count);
|
||||
count = expRecur(n);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("指数阶(递归实现)的计算操作数量 = " + count);
|
||||
|
||||
count = logarithmic((float)n);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("对数阶(循环实现)的计算操作数量 = " + count);
|
||||
count = logRecur((float)n);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("对数阶(递归实现)的计算操作数量 = " + count);
|
||||
|
||||
count = linearLogRecur((float)n);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("线性对数阶(递归实现)的计算操作数量 = " + count);
|
||||
|
||||
count = factorialRecur(n);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("阶乘阶(递归实现)的计算操作数量 = " + count);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: worst_best_time_complexity.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_computational_complexity
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class worst_best_time_complexity
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 生成一个数组,元素为 { 1, 2, ..., n },顺序被打乱 */
|
||||
static int[] randomNumbers(int n)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int[] nums = new int[n];
|
||||
// 生成数组 nums = { 1, 2, 3, ..., n }
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
nums[i] = i + 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 随机打乱数组元素
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
var index = new Random().Next(i, nums.Length);
|
||||
var tmp = nums[i];
|
||||
var ran = nums[index];
|
||||
nums[i] = ran;
|
||||
nums[index] = tmp;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return nums;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查找数组 nums 中数字 1 所在索引 */
|
||||
static int findOne(int[] nums)
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (nums[i] == 1)
|
||||
return i;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int n = 100;
|
||||
int[] nums = randomNumbers(n);
|
||||
int index = findOne(nums);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n数组 [ 1, 2, ..., n ] 被打乱后 = " + string.Join(",", nums));
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("数字 1 的索引为 " + index);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
164
codes/csharp/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.cs
Normal file
164
codes/csharp/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: array_hash_map.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_hashing
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
/* 键值对 int->String */
|
||||
class Entry
|
||||
{
|
||||
public int key;
|
||||
public String val;
|
||||
public Entry(int key, String val)
|
||||
{
|
||||
this.key = key;
|
||||
this.val = val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于数组简易实现的哈希表 */
|
||||
class ArrayHashMap
|
||||
{
|
||||
private List<Entry?> bucket;
|
||||
public ArrayHashMap()
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 初始化一个长度为 100 的桶(数组)
|
||||
bucket = new ();
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
bucket.Add(null);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 哈希函数 */
|
||||
private int hashFunc(int key)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int index = key % 100;
|
||||
return index;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查询操作 */
|
||||
public String? get(int key)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int index = hashFunc(key);
|
||||
Entry? pair = bucket[index];
|
||||
if (pair == null) return null;
|
||||
return pair.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 添加操作 */
|
||||
public void put(int key, String val)
|
||||
{
|
||||
Entry pair = new Entry(key, val);
|
||||
int index = hashFunc(key);
|
||||
bucket[index]=pair;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除操作 */
|
||||
public void remove(int key)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int index = hashFunc(key);
|
||||
// 置为 null ,代表删除
|
||||
bucket[index]=null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取所有键值对 */
|
||||
public List<Entry> entrySet()
|
||||
{
|
||||
List<Entry> entrySet = new ();
|
||||
foreach (Entry? pair in bucket)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (pair != null)
|
||||
entrySet.Add(pair);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return entrySet;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取所有键 */
|
||||
public List<int> keySet()
|
||||
{
|
||||
List<int> keySet = new ();
|
||||
foreach (Entry? pair in bucket)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (pair != null)
|
||||
keySet.Add(pair.key);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return keySet;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取所有值 */
|
||||
public List<String> valueSet()
|
||||
{
|
||||
List<String> valueSet = new ();
|
||||
foreach (Entry? pair in bucket)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (pair != null)
|
||||
valueSet.Add(pair.val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
return valueSet;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 打印哈希表 */
|
||||
public void print()
|
||||
{
|
||||
foreach (Entry kv in entrySet())
|
||||
{
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(kv.key + " -> " + kv.val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
public class array_hash_map
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化哈希表 */
|
||||
ArrayHashMap map = new ArrayHashMap();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 添加操作 */
|
||||
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
|
||||
map.put(12836, "小哈");
|
||||
map.put(15937, "小啰");
|
||||
map.put(16750, "小算");
|
||||
map.put(13276, "小法");
|
||||
map.put(10583, "小鸭");
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
|
||||
map.print();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查询操作 */
|
||||
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
|
||||
String? name = map.get(15937);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n输入学号 15937 ,查询到姓名 " + name);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除操作 */
|
||||
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
|
||||
map.remove(10583);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n删除 10583 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
|
||||
map.print();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 遍历哈希表 */
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n遍历键值对 Key->Value");
|
||||
foreach (Entry kv in map.entrySet())
|
||||
{
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(kv.key + " -> " + kv.val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n单独遍历键 Key");
|
||||
foreach (int key in map.keySet())
|
||||
{
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(key);
|
||||
}
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n单独遍历值 Value");
|
||||
foreach (String val in map.valueSet())
|
||||
{
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
57
codes/csharp/chapter_hashing/hash_map.cs
Normal file
57
codes/csharp/chapter_hashing/hash_map.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: hash_map.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using hello_algo.include;
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_hashing
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
public class hash_map {
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化哈希表 */
|
||||
Dictionary<int, String> map = new ();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 添加操作 */
|
||||
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
|
||||
map.Add(12836, "小哈");
|
||||
map.Add(15937, "小啰");
|
||||
map.Add(16750, "小算");
|
||||
map.Add(13276, "小法");
|
||||
map.Add(10583, "小鸭");
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
|
||||
PrintUtil.printHashMap(map);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查询操作 */
|
||||
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
|
||||
String name = map[15937];
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n输入学号 15937 ,查询到姓名 " + name);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除操作 */
|
||||
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
|
||||
map.Remove(10583);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n删除 10583 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value");
|
||||
PrintUtil.printHashMap(map);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 遍历哈希表 */
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n遍历键值对 Key->Value");
|
||||
foreach (var kv in map) {
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(kv.Key + " -> " + kv.Value);
|
||||
}
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n单独遍历键 Key");
|
||||
foreach (int key in map.Keys) {
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(key);
|
||||
}
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n单独遍历值 Value");
|
||||
foreach (String val in map.Values) {
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
68
codes/csharp/chapter_searching/binary_search.cs
Normal file
68
codes/csharp/chapter_searching/binary_search.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: binary_search.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_searching
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class binary_search
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 二分查找(双闭区间) */
|
||||
static int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 初始化双闭区间 [0, n-1] ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素
|
||||
int i = 0, j = nums.Length - 1;
|
||||
// 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i > j 时为空)
|
||||
while (i <= j)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int m = (i + j) / 2; // 计算中点索引 m
|
||||
if (nums[m] < target) // 此情况说明 target 在区间 [m+1, j] 中
|
||||
i = m + 1;
|
||||
else if (nums[m] > target) // 此情况说明 target 在区间 [i, m-1] 中
|
||||
j = m - 1;
|
||||
else // 找到目标元素,返回其索引
|
||||
return m;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
|
||||
static int binarySearch1(int[] nums, int target)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
|
||||
int i = 0, j = nums.Length;
|
||||
// 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i = j 时为空)
|
||||
while (i < j)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int m = (i + j) / 2; // 计算中点索引 m
|
||||
if (nums[m] < target) // 此情况说明 target 在区间 [m+1, j) 中
|
||||
i = m + 1;
|
||||
else if (nums[m] > target) // 此情况说明 target 在区间 [i, m) 中
|
||||
j = m;
|
||||
else // 找到目标元素,返回其索引
|
||||
return m;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int target = 6;
|
||||
int[] nums = { 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 23, 67, 70, 92 };
|
||||
|
||||
/* 二分查找(双闭区间) */
|
||||
int index = binarySearch(nums, target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("目标元素 6 的索引 = " + index);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
|
||||
index = binarySearch1(nums, target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("目标元素 6 的索引 = " + index);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
60
codes/csharp/chapter_searching/hashing_search.cs
Normal file
60
codes/csharp/chapter_searching/hashing_search.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: hashing_search.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using hello_algo.include;
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_searching
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class hashing_search
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 哈希查找(数组) */
|
||||
static int hashingSearch(Dictionary<int, int> map, int target)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 哈希表的 key: 目标元素,value: 索引
|
||||
// 若哈希表中无此 key ,返回 -1
|
||||
return map.GetValueOrDefault(target, -1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 哈希查找(链表) */
|
||||
static ListNode? hashingSearch1(Dictionary<int, ListNode> map, int target)
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
// 哈希表的 key: 目标结点值,value: 结点对象
|
||||
// 若哈希表中无此 key ,返回 null
|
||||
return map.GetValueOrDefault(target);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int target = 3;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 哈希查找(数组) */
|
||||
int[] nums = { 1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 7, 5, 9, 10, 8 };
|
||||
// 初始化哈希表
|
||||
Dictionary<int, int> map = new();
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
map[nums[i]] = i; // key: 元素,value: 索引
|
||||
}
|
||||
int index = hashingSearch(map, target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("目标元素 3 的索引 = " + index);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 哈希查找(链表) */
|
||||
ListNode? head = ListNode.ArrToLinkedList(nums);
|
||||
// 初始化哈希表
|
||||
Dictionary<int, ListNode> map1 = new();
|
||||
while (head != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
map1[head.val] = head; // key: 结点值,value: 结点
|
||||
head = head.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
ListNode? node = hashingSearch1(map1, target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("目标结点值 3 的对应结点对象为 " + node);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
59
codes/csharp/chapter_searching/linear_search.cs
Normal file
59
codes/csharp/chapter_searching/linear_search.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: linear_search.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using hello_algo.include;
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_searching
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class linear_search
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 线性查找(数组) */
|
||||
static int linearSearch(int[] nums, int target)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 遍历数组
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 找到目标元素,返回其索引
|
||||
if (nums[i] == target)
|
||||
return i;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 线性查找(链表) */
|
||||
static ListNode? linearSearch(ListNode head, int target)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 遍历链表
|
||||
while (head != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 找到目标结点,返回之
|
||||
if (head.val == target)
|
||||
return head;
|
||||
head = head.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 未找到目标结点,返回 null
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int target = 3;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 在数组中执行线性查找 */
|
||||
int[] nums = { 1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 7, 5, 9, 10, 8 };
|
||||
int index = linearSearch(nums, target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("目标元素 3 的索引 = " + index);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 在链表中执行线性查找 */
|
||||
ListNode head = ListNode.ArrToLinkedList(nums);
|
||||
ListNode? node = linearSearch(head, target);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("目标结点值 3 的对应结点对象为 " + node);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
68
codes/csharp/chapter_sorting/bubble_sort.cs
Normal file
68
codes/csharp/chapter_sorting/bubble_sort.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: bubble_sort.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_sorting
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class bubble_sort
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 冒泡排序 */
|
||||
static void bubbleSort(int[] nums)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 外循环:待排序元素数量为 n-1, n-2, ..., 1
|
||||
for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > 0; i--)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 内循环:冒泡操作
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1])
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]
|
||||
int tmp = nums[j];
|
||||
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = tmp;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 冒泡排序(标志优化)*/
|
||||
static void bubbleSortWithFlag(int[] nums)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 外循环:待排序元素数量为 n-1, n-2, ..., 1
|
||||
for (int i = nums.Length - 1; i > 0; i--)
|
||||
{
|
||||
bool flag = false; // 初始化标志位
|
||||
// 内循环:冒泡操作
|
||||
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (nums[j] > nums[j + 1])
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 交换 nums[j] 与 nums[j + 1]
|
||||
int tmp = nums[j];
|
||||
nums[j] = nums[j + 1];
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = tmp;
|
||||
flag = true; // 记录交换元素
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
if (!flag) break; // 此轮冒泡未交换任何元素,直接跳出
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int[] nums = { 4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2 };
|
||||
bubbleSort(nums);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("冒泡排序完成后 nums = " + string.Join(",",nums));
|
||||
|
||||
int[] nums1 = { 4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2 };
|
||||
bubbleSortWithFlag(nums1);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("冒泡排序完成后 nums1 = " + string.Join(",", nums));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
38
codes/csharp/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort.cs
Normal file
38
codes/csharp/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: insertion_sort.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_sorting
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class insertion_sort
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 插入排序 */
|
||||
static void insertionSort(int[] nums)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 外循环:base = nums[1], nums[2], ..., nums[n-1]
|
||||
for (int i = 1; i < nums.Length; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int bas = nums[i], j = i - 1;
|
||||
// 内循环:将 base 插入到左边的正确位置
|
||||
while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > bas)
|
||||
{
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = nums[j]; // 1. 将 nums[j] 向右移动一位
|
||||
j--;
|
||||
}
|
||||
nums[j + 1] = bas; // 2. 将 base 赋值到正确位置
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int[] nums = { 4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2 };
|
||||
insertionSort(nums);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("插入排序完成后 nums = " + string.Join(",", nums));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
65
codes/csharp/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.cs
Normal file
65
codes/csharp/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: merge_sort.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_sorting
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class merge_sort
|
||||
{
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* 合并左子数组和右子数组
|
||||
* 左子数组区间 [left, mid]
|
||||
* 右子数组区间 [mid + 1, right]
|
||||
*/
|
||||
static void merge(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 初始化辅助数组
|
||||
int[] tmp = nums[left..(right + 1)];
|
||||
// 左子数组的起始索引和结束索引
|
||||
int leftStart = left - left, leftEnd = mid - left;
|
||||
// 右子数组的起始索引和结束索引
|
||||
int rightStart = mid + 1 - left, rightEnd = right - left;
|
||||
// i, j 分别指向左子数组、右子数组的首元素
|
||||
int i = leftStart, j = rightStart;
|
||||
// 通过覆盖原数组 nums 来合并左子数组和右子数组
|
||||
for (int k = left; k <= right; k++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 若“左子数组已全部合并完”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
if (i > leftEnd)
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[j++];
|
||||
// 否则,若“右子数组已全部合并完”或“左子数组元素 <= 右子数组元素”,则选取左子数组元素,并且 i++
|
||||
else if (j > rightEnd || tmp[i] <= tmp[j])
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[i++];
|
||||
// 否则,若“左右子数组都未全部合并完”且“左子数组元素 > 右子数组元素”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
else
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[j++];
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 归并排序 */
|
||||
static void mergeSort(int[] nums, int left, int right)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 终止条件
|
||||
if (left >= right) return; // 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
|
||||
// 划分阶段
|
||||
int mid = (left + right) / 2; // 计算中点
|
||||
mergeSort(nums, left, mid); // 递归左子数组
|
||||
mergeSort(nums, mid + 1, right); // 递归右子数组
|
||||
// 合并阶段
|
||||
merge(nums, left, mid, right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 归并排序 */
|
||||
int[] nums = { 7, 3, 2, 6, 0, 1, 5, 4 };
|
||||
mergeSort(nums, 0, nums.Length - 1);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("归并排序完成后 nums = " + string.Join(",", nums));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
183
codes/csharp/chapter_sorting/quick_sort.cs
Normal file
183
codes/csharp/chapter_sorting/quick_sort.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: quick_sort.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_sorting
|
||||
{
|
||||
class QuickSort
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 元素交换 */
|
||||
static void swap(int[] nums, int i, int j)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int tmp = nums[i];
|
||||
nums[i] = nums[j];
|
||||
nums[j] = tmp;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 哨兵划分 */
|
||||
static int partition(int[] nums, int left, int right)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 以 nums[left] 作为基准数
|
||||
int i = left, j = right;
|
||||
while (i < j)
|
||||
{
|
||||
while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])
|
||||
j--; // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素
|
||||
while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])
|
||||
i++; // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素
|
||||
swap(nums, i, j); // 交换这两个元素
|
||||
}
|
||||
swap(nums, i, left); // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线
|
||||
return i; // 返回基准数的索引
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序 */
|
||||
public static void quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
|
||||
if (left >= right)
|
||||
return;
|
||||
// 哨兵划分
|
||||
int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);
|
||||
// 递归左子数组、右子数组
|
||||
quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);
|
||||
quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序类(中位基准数优化) */
|
||||
class QuickSortMedian
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 元素交换 */
|
||||
static void swap(int[] nums, int i, int j)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int tmp = nums[i];
|
||||
nums[i] = nums[j];
|
||||
nums[j] = tmp;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 选取三个元素的中位数 */
|
||||
static int medianThree(int[] nums, int left, int mid, int right)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 使用了异或操作来简化代码
|
||||
// 异或规则为 0 ^ 0 = 1 ^ 1 = 0, 0 ^ 1 = 1 ^ 0 = 1
|
||||
if ((nums[left] > nums[mid]) ^ (nums[left] > nums[right]))
|
||||
return left;
|
||||
else if ((nums[mid] < nums[left]) ^ (nums[mid] < nums[right]))
|
||||
return mid;
|
||||
else
|
||||
return right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 哨兵划分(三数取中值) */
|
||||
static int partition(int[] nums, int left, int right)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 选取三个候选元素的中位数
|
||||
int med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);
|
||||
// 将中位数交换至数组最左端
|
||||
swap(nums, left, med);
|
||||
// 以 nums[left] 作为基准数
|
||||
int i = left, j = right;
|
||||
while (i < j)
|
||||
{
|
||||
while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])
|
||||
j--; // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素
|
||||
while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])
|
||||
i++; // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素
|
||||
swap(nums, i, j); // 交换这两个元素
|
||||
}
|
||||
swap(nums, i, left); // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线
|
||||
return i; // 返回基准数的索引
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序 */
|
||||
public static void quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
|
||||
if (left >= right)
|
||||
return;
|
||||
// 哨兵划分
|
||||
int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);
|
||||
// 递归左子数组、右子数组
|
||||
quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1);
|
||||
quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序类(尾递归优化) */
|
||||
class QuickSortTailCall
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 元素交换 */
|
||||
static void swap(int[] nums, int i, int j)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int tmp = nums[i];
|
||||
nums[i] = nums[j];
|
||||
nums[j] = tmp;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 哨兵划分 */
|
||||
static int partition(int[] nums, int left, int right)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 以 nums[left] 作为基准数
|
||||
int i = left, j = right;
|
||||
while (i < j)
|
||||
{
|
||||
while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])
|
||||
j--; // 从右向左找首个小于基准数的元素
|
||||
while (i < j && nums[i] <= nums[left])
|
||||
i++; // 从左向右找首个大于基准数的元素
|
||||
swap(nums, i, j); // 交换这两个元素
|
||||
}
|
||||
swap(nums, i, left); // 将基准数交换至两子数组的分界线
|
||||
return i; // 返回基准数的索引
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序(尾递归优化) */
|
||||
public static void quickSort(int[] nums, int left, int right)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 子数组长度为 1 时终止
|
||||
while (left < right)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 哨兵划分操作
|
||||
int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);
|
||||
// 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快排
|
||||
if (pivot - left < right - pivot)
|
||||
{
|
||||
quickSort(nums, left, pivot - 1); // 递归排序左子数组
|
||||
left = pivot + 1; // 剩余待排序区间为 [pivot + 1, right]
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
quickSort(nums, pivot + 1, right); // 递归排序右子数组
|
||||
right = pivot - 1; // 剩余待排序区间为 [left, pivot - 1]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class quick_sort
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 快速排序 */
|
||||
int[] nums = { 2, 4, 1, 0, 3, 5 };
|
||||
QuickSort.quickSort(nums, 0, nums.Length - 1);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("快速排序完成后 nums = " + string.Join(",", nums));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序(中位基准数优化) */
|
||||
int[] nums1 = { 2, 4, 1, 0, 3, 5 };
|
||||
QuickSortMedian.quickSort(nums1, 0, nums1.Length - 1);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("快速排序(中位基准数优化)完成后 nums1 = " + string.Join(",", nums1));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 快速排序(尾递归优化) */
|
||||
int[] nums2 = { 2, 4, 1, 0, 3, 5 };
|
||||
QuickSortTailCall.quickSort(nums2, 0, nums2.Length - 1);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("快速排序(尾递归优化)完成后 nums2 = " + string.Join(",", nums2));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
133
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.cs
Normal file
133
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: array_queue.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_stack_and_queue
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
|
||||
class ArrayQueue
|
||||
{
|
||||
private int[] nums; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
||||
private int front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
|
||||
private int rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
|
||||
|
||||
public ArrayQueue(int capacity)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 初始化数组
|
||||
nums = new int[capacity];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的容量 */
|
||||
public int capacity()
|
||||
{
|
||||
return nums.Length;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
public int size()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int capacity = this.capacity();
|
||||
// 由于将数组看作为环形,可能 rear < front ,因此需要取余数
|
||||
return (capacity + rear - front) % capacity;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
public bool isEmpty()
|
||||
{
|
||||
return rear - front == 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入队 */
|
||||
public void offer(int num)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (size() == capacity())
|
||||
{
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队列已满");
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 尾结点后添加 num
|
||||
nums[rear] = num;
|
||||
// 尾指针向后移动一位,越过尾部后返回到数组头部
|
||||
rear = (rear + 1) % capacity();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出队 */
|
||||
public int poll()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int num = peek();
|
||||
// 队头指针向后移动一位,若越过尾部则返回到数组头部
|
||||
front = (front + 1) % capacity();
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
public int peek()
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (isEmpty())
|
||||
throw new Exception();
|
||||
return nums[front];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 返回数组 */
|
||||
public int[] toArray()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int size = this.size();
|
||||
int capacity = this.capacity();
|
||||
// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
|
||||
int[] res = new int[size];
|
||||
for (int i = 0, j = front; i < size; i++, j++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
res[i] = nums[j % capacity];
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class array_queue
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化队列 */
|
||||
int capacity = 10;
|
||||
ArrayQueue queue = new ArrayQueue(capacity);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入队 */
|
||||
queue.offer(1);
|
||||
queue.offer(3);
|
||||
queue.offer(2);
|
||||
queue.offer(5);
|
||||
queue.offer(4);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队列 queue = " + string.Join(",", queue.toArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
int peek = queue.peek();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队首元素 peek = " + peek);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
int poll = queue.poll();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("出队元素 poll = " + poll + ",出队后 queue = " + string.Join(",", queue.toArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
int size = queue.size();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队列长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
bool isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 测试环形数组 */
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
queue.offer(i);
|
||||
queue.poll();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("第 " + i + " 轮入队 + 出队后 queue = " + string.Join(",", queue.toArray()));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
98
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.cs
Normal file
98
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: array_stack.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_stack_and_queue
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于数组实现的栈 */
|
||||
class ArrayStack
|
||||
{
|
||||
private List<int> stack;
|
||||
public ArrayStack()
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 初始化列表(动态数组)
|
||||
stack = new();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
public int size()
|
||||
{
|
||||
return stack.Count();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
|
||||
public bool isEmpty()
|
||||
{
|
||||
return size() == 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入栈 */
|
||||
public void push(int num)
|
||||
{
|
||||
stack.Add(num);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
public int pop()
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (isEmpty())
|
||||
throw new Exception();
|
||||
var val = peek();
|
||||
stack.RemoveAt(size() - 1);
|
||||
return val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
public int peek()
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (isEmpty())
|
||||
throw new Exception();
|
||||
return stack[size() - 1];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
public int[] toArray()
|
||||
{
|
||||
return stack.ToArray();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class array_stack
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化栈 */
|
||||
ArrayStack stack = new ArrayStack();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入栈 */
|
||||
stack.push(1);
|
||||
stack.push(3);
|
||||
stack.push(2);
|
||||
stack.push(5);
|
||||
stack.push(4);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("栈 stack = " + String.Join(",", stack.toArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
int peek = stack.peek();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("栈顶元素 peek = " + peek);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出栈 */
|
||||
int pop = stack.pop();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("出栈元素 pop = " + pop + ",出栈后 stack = " + String.Join(",", stack.toArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
int size = stack.size();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("栈的长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断是否为空 */
|
||||
bool isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("栈是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
49
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque.cs
Normal file
49
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/deque.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: deque.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-30
|
||||
* Author: moonache (microin1301@outlook.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_stack_and_queue
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class deque
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化双向队列 */
|
||||
// 在 C# 中,将链表 LinkedList 看作双向队列来使用
|
||||
LinkedList<int> deque = new LinkedList<int>();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入队 */
|
||||
deque.AddLast(2); // 添加至队尾
|
||||
deque.AddLast(5);
|
||||
deque.AddLast(4);
|
||||
deque.AddFirst(3); // 添加至队首
|
||||
deque.AddFirst(1);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("双向队列 deque = " + String.Join(",", deque.ToArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问元素 */
|
||||
int peekFirst = deque.First.Value; // 队首元素
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队首元素 peekFirst = " + peekFirst);
|
||||
int peekLast = deque.Last.Value; // 队尾元素
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队尾元素 peekLast = " + peekLast);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
deque.RemoveFirst(); // 队首元素出队
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队首元素出队后 deque = " + String.Join(",", deque.ToArray()));
|
||||
deque.RemoveLast(); // 队尾元素出队
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队尾元素出队后 deque = " + String.Join(",", deque.ToArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取双向队列的长度 */
|
||||
int size = deque.Count;
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("双向队列长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断双向队列是否为空 */
|
||||
bool isEmpty = deque.Count == 0;
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("双向队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
124
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.cs
Normal file
124
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: linkedlist_queue.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using hello_algo.include;
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_stack_and_queue
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 基于链表实现的队列 */
|
||||
class LinkedListQueue
|
||||
{
|
||||
private ListNode? front, rear; // 头结点 front ,尾结点 rear
|
||||
private int queSize = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
public LinkedListQueue()
|
||||
{
|
||||
front = null;
|
||||
rear = null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
public int size()
|
||||
{
|
||||
return queSize;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
public bool isEmpty()
|
||||
{
|
||||
return size() == 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入队 */
|
||||
public void offer(int num)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 尾结点后添加 num
|
||||
ListNode node = new ListNode(num);
|
||||
// 如果队列为空,则令头、尾结点都指向该结点
|
||||
if (front == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
front = node;
|
||||
rear = node;
|
||||
// 如果队列不为空,则将该结点添加到尾结点后
|
||||
}
|
||||
else if (rear != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
rear.next = node;
|
||||
rear = node;
|
||||
}
|
||||
queSize++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出队 */
|
||||
public int poll()
|
||||
{
|
||||
int num = peek();
|
||||
// 删除头结点
|
||||
front = front?.next;
|
||||
queSize--;
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
public int peek()
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (size() == 0 || front == null)
|
||||
throw new Exception();
|
||||
return front.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将链表转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
public int[] toArray()
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (front == null)
|
||||
return Array.Empty<int>();
|
||||
|
||||
ListNode node = front;
|
||||
int[] res = new int[size()];
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < res.Length; i++)
|
||||
{
|
||||
res[i] = node.val;
|
||||
node = node.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class linkedlist_queue
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化队列 */
|
||||
LinkedListQueue queue = new LinkedListQueue();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入队 */
|
||||
queue.offer(1);
|
||||
queue.offer(3);
|
||||
queue.offer(2);
|
||||
queue.offer(5);
|
||||
queue.offer(4);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队列 queue = " + String.Join(",", queue.toArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
int peek = queue.peek();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队首元素 peek = " + peek);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
int poll = queue.poll();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("出队元素 poll = " + poll + ",出队后 queue = " + String.Join(",", queue.toArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
int size = queue.size();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队列长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
bool isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
113
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.cs
Normal file
113
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: linkedlist_stack.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using hello_algo.include;
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_stack_and_queue
|
||||
{
|
||||
class LinkedListStack
|
||||
{
|
||||
private ListNode? stackPeek; // 将头结点作为栈顶
|
||||
private int stkSize = 0; // 栈的长度
|
||||
|
||||
public LinkedListStack()
|
||||
{
|
||||
stackPeek = null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
public int size()
|
||||
{
|
||||
return stkSize;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
|
||||
public bool isEmpty()
|
||||
{
|
||||
return size() == 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入栈 */
|
||||
public void push(int num)
|
||||
{
|
||||
ListNode node = new ListNode(num);
|
||||
node.next = stackPeek;
|
||||
stackPeek = node;
|
||||
stkSize++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
public int pop()
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (stackPeek == null)
|
||||
throw new Exception();
|
||||
|
||||
int num = peek();
|
||||
stackPeek = stackPeek.next;
|
||||
stkSize--;
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
public int peek()
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (size() == 0 || stackPeek==null)
|
||||
throw new Exception();
|
||||
return stackPeek.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
public int[] toArray()
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (stackPeek == null)
|
||||
return Array.Empty<int>();
|
||||
|
||||
ListNode node = stackPeek;
|
||||
int[] res = new int[size()];
|
||||
for (int i = res.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
|
||||
{
|
||||
res[i] = node.val;
|
||||
node = node.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class linkedlist_stack
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化栈 */
|
||||
LinkedListStack stack = new LinkedListStack();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入栈 */
|
||||
stack.push(1);
|
||||
stack.push(3);
|
||||
stack.push(2);
|
||||
stack.push(5);
|
||||
stack.push(4);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("栈 stack = " + String.Join(",",stack.toArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
int peek = stack.peek();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("栈顶元素 peek = " + peek);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出栈 */
|
||||
int pop = stack.pop();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("出栈元素 pop = " + pop + ",出栈后 stack = " + String.Join(",",stack.toArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
int size = stack.size();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("栈的长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断是否为空 */
|
||||
bool isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("栈是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
45
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue.cs
Normal file
45
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/queue.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: queue.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_stack_and_queue
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class queue
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化队列 */
|
||||
Queue<int> queue = new();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入队 */
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(1);
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(3);
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(2);
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(5);
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(4);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队列 queue = " + String.Join(",", queue.ToArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
int peek = queue.Peek();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队首元素 peek = " + peek);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
int poll = queue.Dequeue();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("出队元素 poll = " + poll + ",出队后 queue = " + String.Join(",", queue.ToArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
int size = queue.Count();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队列长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
bool isEmpty = queue.Count() == 0;
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
45
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack.cs
Normal file
45
codes/csharp/chapter_stack_and_queue/stack.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: stack.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_stack_and_queue
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class stack
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化栈 */
|
||||
Stack<int> stack = new();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入栈 */
|
||||
stack.Push(1);
|
||||
stack.Push(3);
|
||||
stack.Push(2);
|
||||
stack.Push(5);
|
||||
stack.Push(4);
|
||||
// 请注意,stack.ToArray() 得到的是倒序序列,即索引 0 为栈顶
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("栈 stack = " + string.Join(",", stack.ToArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
int peek = stack.Peek();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("栈顶元素 peek = " + peek);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出栈 */
|
||||
int pop = stack.Pop();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("出栈元素 pop = " + pop + ",出栈后 stack = " + string.Join(",", stack.ToArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
int size = stack.Count();
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("栈的长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断是否为空 */
|
||||
bool isEmpty = stack.Count() == 0;
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("栈是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
260
codes/csharp/chapter_tree/avl_tree.cs
Normal file
260
codes/csharp/chapter_tree/avl_tree.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: avl_tree.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using hello_algo.include;
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_tree
|
||||
{
|
||||
// Tree class
|
||||
class AVLTree
|
||||
{
|
||||
public TreeNode? root; // 根节点
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取结点高度 */
|
||||
public int height(TreeNode? node)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 空结点高度为 -1 ,叶结点高度为 0
|
||||
return node == null ? -1 : node.height;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 更新结点高度 */
|
||||
private void updateHeight(TreeNode node)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 结点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
|
||||
node.height = Math.Max(height(node.left), height(node.right)) + 1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取平衡因子 */
|
||||
public int balanceFactor(TreeNode? node)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 空结点平衡因子为 0
|
||||
if (node == null) return 0;
|
||||
// 结点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
|
||||
return height(node.left) - height(node.right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 右旋操作 */
|
||||
TreeNode? rightRotate(TreeNode? node)
|
||||
{
|
||||
TreeNode? child = node.left;
|
||||
TreeNode? grandChild = child?.right;
|
||||
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向右旋转
|
||||
child.right = node;
|
||||
node.left = grandChild;
|
||||
// 更新结点高度
|
||||
updateHeight(node);
|
||||
updateHeight(child);
|
||||
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
|
||||
return child;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 左旋操作 */
|
||||
TreeNode? leftRotate(TreeNode? node)
|
||||
{
|
||||
TreeNode? child = node.right;
|
||||
TreeNode? grandChild = child?.left;
|
||||
// 以 child 为原点,将 node 向左旋转
|
||||
child.left = node;
|
||||
node.right = grandChild;
|
||||
// 更新结点高度
|
||||
updateHeight(node);
|
||||
updateHeight(child);
|
||||
// 返回旋转后子树的根节点
|
||||
return child;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
|
||||
TreeNode? rotate(TreeNode? node)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 获取结点 node 的平衡因子
|
||||
int balanceFactorInt = balanceFactor(node);
|
||||
// 左偏树
|
||||
if (balanceFactorInt > 1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (balanceFactor(node.left) >= 0)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 右旋
|
||||
return rightRotate(node);
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 先左旋后右旋
|
||||
node.left = leftRotate(node?.left);
|
||||
return rightRotate(node);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 右偏树
|
||||
if (balanceFactorInt < -1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (balanceFactor(node.right) <= 0)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 左旋
|
||||
return leftRotate(node);
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 先右旋后左旋
|
||||
node.right = rightRotate(node?.right);
|
||||
return leftRotate(node);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 平衡树,无需旋转,直接返回
|
||||
return node;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 插入结点 */
|
||||
public TreeNode? insert(int val)
|
||||
{
|
||||
root = insertHelper(root, val);
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 递归插入结点(辅助函数) */
|
||||
private TreeNode? insertHelper(TreeNode? node, int val)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (node == null) return new TreeNode(val);
|
||||
/* 1. 查找插入位置,并插入结点 */
|
||||
if (val < node.val)
|
||||
node.left = insertHelper(node.left, val);
|
||||
else if (val > node.val)
|
||||
node.right = insertHelper(node.right, val);
|
||||
else
|
||||
return node; // 重复结点不插入,直接返回
|
||||
updateHeight(node); // 更新结点高度
|
||||
/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
|
||||
node = rotate(node);
|
||||
// 返回子树的根节点
|
||||
return node;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除结点 */
|
||||
public TreeNode? remove(int val)
|
||||
{
|
||||
root = removeHelper(root, val);
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 递归删除结点(辅助函数) */
|
||||
private TreeNode? removeHelper(TreeNode? node, int val)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (node == null) return null;
|
||||
/* 1. 查找结点,并删除之 */
|
||||
if (val < node.val)
|
||||
node.left = removeHelper(node.left, val);
|
||||
else if (val > node.val)
|
||||
node.right = removeHelper(node.right, val);
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (node.left == null || node.right == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
TreeNode? child = node.left != null ? node.left : node.right;
|
||||
// 子结点数量 = 0 ,直接删除 node 并返回
|
||||
if (child == null)
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
// 子结点数量 = 1 ,直接删除 node
|
||||
else
|
||||
node = child;
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 子结点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个结点删除,并用该结点替换当前结点
|
||||
TreeNode? temp = getInOrderNext(node.right);
|
||||
node.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);
|
||||
node.val = temp.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
updateHeight(node); // 更新结点高度
|
||||
/* 2. 执行旋转操作,使该子树重新恢复平衡 */
|
||||
node = rotate(node);
|
||||
// 返回子树的根节点
|
||||
return node;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
|
||||
private TreeNode? getInOrderNext(TreeNode? node)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (node == null) return node;
|
||||
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
|
||||
while (node.left != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
node = node.left;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return node;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查找结点 */
|
||||
public TreeNode? search(int val)
|
||||
{
|
||||
TreeNode? cur = root;
|
||||
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
|
||||
while (cur != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 目标结点在 root 的右子树中
|
||||
if (cur.val < val)
|
||||
cur = cur.right;
|
||||
// 目标结点在 root 的左子树中
|
||||
else if (cur.val > val)
|
||||
cur = cur.left;
|
||||
// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
|
||||
else
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 返回目标结点
|
||||
return cur;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class avl_tree
|
||||
{
|
||||
static void testInsert(AVLTree tree, int val)
|
||||
{
|
||||
tree.insert(val);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n插入结点 " + val + " 后,AVL 树为");
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(tree.root);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
static void testRemove(AVLTree tree, int val)
|
||||
{
|
||||
tree.remove(val);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n删除结点 " + val + " 后,AVL 树为");
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(tree.root);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化空 AVL 树 */
|
||||
AVLTree avlTree = new AVLTree();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 插入结点 */
|
||||
// 请关注插入结点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
|
||||
testInsert(avlTree, 1);
|
||||
testInsert(avlTree, 2);
|
||||
testInsert(avlTree, 3);
|
||||
testInsert(avlTree, 4);
|
||||
testInsert(avlTree, 5);
|
||||
testInsert(avlTree, 8);
|
||||
testInsert(avlTree, 7);
|
||||
testInsert(avlTree, 9);
|
||||
testInsert(avlTree, 10);
|
||||
testInsert(avlTree, 6);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 插入重复结点 */
|
||||
testInsert(avlTree, 7);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除结点 */
|
||||
// 请关注删除结点后,AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
|
||||
testRemove(avlTree, 8); // 删除度为 0 的结点
|
||||
testRemove(avlTree, 5); // 删除度为 1 的结点
|
||||
testRemove(avlTree, 4); // 删除度为 2 的结点
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查询结点 */
|
||||
TreeNode? node = avlTree.search(7);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n查找到的结点对象为 " + node + ",结点值 = " + node?.val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
186
codes/csharp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cs
Normal file
186
codes/csharp/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: binary_search_tree.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using hello_algo.include;
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_tree
|
||||
{
|
||||
class BinarySearchTree
|
||||
{
|
||||
TreeNode? root;
|
||||
|
||||
public BinarySearchTree(int[] nums) {
|
||||
Array.Sort(nums); // 排序数组
|
||||
root = buildTree(nums, 0, nums.Length - 1); // 构建二叉搜索树
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取二叉树根结点 */
|
||||
public TreeNode? getRoot() {
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 构建二叉搜索树 */
|
||||
public TreeNode? buildTree(int[] nums, int i, int j) {
|
||||
if (i > j) return null;
|
||||
// 将数组中间结点作为根结点
|
||||
int mid = (i + j) / 2;
|
||||
TreeNode root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]);
|
||||
// 递归建立左子树和右子树
|
||||
root.left = buildTree(nums, i, mid - 1);
|
||||
root.right = buildTree(nums, mid + 1, j);
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// 查找结点
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
/// <param name="num"></param>
|
||||
/// <returns></returns>
|
||||
public TreeNode? search(int num)
|
||||
{
|
||||
TreeNode? cur = root;
|
||||
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
|
||||
while (cur != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 目标结点在 root 的右子树中
|
||||
if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;
|
||||
// 目标结点在 root 的左子树中
|
||||
else if (cur.val > num) cur = cur.left;
|
||||
// 找到目标结点,跳出循环
|
||||
else break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 返回目标结点
|
||||
return cur;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 插入结点 */
|
||||
public TreeNode? insert(int num)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 若树为空,直接提前返回
|
||||
if (root == null) return null;
|
||||
TreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;
|
||||
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
|
||||
while (cur != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 找到重复结点,直接返回
|
||||
if (cur.val == num) return null;
|
||||
pre = cur;
|
||||
// 插入位置在 root 的右子树中
|
||||
if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;
|
||||
// 插入位置在 root 的左子树中
|
||||
else cur = cur.left;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// 插入结点 val
|
||||
TreeNode node = new TreeNode(num);
|
||||
if (pre != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (pre.val < num) pre.right = node;
|
||||
else pre.left = node;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return node;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除结点 */
|
||||
public TreeNode? remove(int num)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 若树为空,直接提前返回
|
||||
if (root == null) return null;
|
||||
TreeNode? cur = root, pre = null;
|
||||
// 循环查找,越过叶结点后跳出
|
||||
while (cur != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 找到待删除结点,跳出循环
|
||||
if (cur.val == num) break;
|
||||
pre = cur;
|
||||
// 待删除结点在 root 的右子树中
|
||||
if (cur.val < num) cur = cur.right;
|
||||
// 待删除结点在 root 的左子树中
|
||||
else cur = cur.left;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 若无待删除结点,则直接返回
|
||||
if (cur == null || pre == null) return null;
|
||||
// 子结点数量 = 0 or 1
|
||||
if (cur.left == null || cur.right == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 当子结点数量 = 0 / 1 时, child = null / 该子结点
|
||||
TreeNode? child = cur.left != null ? cur.left : cur.right;
|
||||
// 删除结点 cur
|
||||
if (pre.left == cur)
|
||||
{
|
||||
pre.left = child;
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
pre.right = child;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 子结点数量 = 2
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个结点
|
||||
TreeNode? nex = getInOrderNext(cur.right);
|
||||
if (nex != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
int tmp = nex.val;
|
||||
// 递归删除结点 nex
|
||||
remove(nex.val);
|
||||
// 将 nex 的值复制给 cur
|
||||
cur.val = tmp;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return cur;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
|
||||
private TreeNode? getInOrderNext(TreeNode? root)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (root == null) return root;
|
||||
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
|
||||
while (root.left != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
root = root.left;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class binary_search_tree
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化二叉搜索树 */
|
||||
int[] nums = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 };
|
||||
BinarySearchTree bst = new BinarySearchTree(nums);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n初始化的二叉树为\n");
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.getRoot());
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查找结点 */
|
||||
TreeNode? node = bst.search(5);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n查找到的结点对象为 " + node + ",结点值 = " + node.val);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 插入结点 */
|
||||
node = bst.insert(16);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n插入结点 16 后,二叉树为\n");
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.getRoot());
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除结点 */
|
||||
bst.remove(1);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n删除结点 1 后,二叉树为\n");
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.getRoot());
|
||||
bst.remove(2);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n删除结点 2 后,二叉树为\n");
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.getRoot());
|
||||
bst.remove(4);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n删除结点 4 后,二叉树为\n");
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(bst.getRoot());
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
46
codes/csharp/chapter_tree/binary_tree.cs
Normal file
46
codes/csharp/chapter_tree/binary_tree.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: binary_tree.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using hello_algo.include;
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_tree
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
public class binary_tree
|
||||
{
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化二叉树 */
|
||||
// 初始化结点
|
||||
TreeNode n1 = new TreeNode(1);
|
||||
TreeNode n2 = new TreeNode(2);
|
||||
TreeNode n3 = new TreeNode(3);
|
||||
TreeNode n4 = new TreeNode(4);
|
||||
TreeNode n5 = new TreeNode(5);
|
||||
// 构建引用指向(即指针)
|
||||
n1.left = n2;
|
||||
n1.right = n3;
|
||||
n2.left = n4;
|
||||
n2.right = n5;
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n初始化二叉树\n");
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(n1);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 插入与删除结点 */
|
||||
TreeNode P = new TreeNode(0);
|
||||
// 在 n1 -> n2 中间插入结点 P
|
||||
n1.left = P;
|
||||
P.left = n2;
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n插入结点 P 后\n");
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(n1);
|
||||
// 删除结点 P
|
||||
n1.left = n2;
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n删除结点 P 后\n");
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(n1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
53
codes/csharp/chapter_tree/binary_tree_bfs.cs
Normal file
53
codes/csharp/chapter_tree/binary_tree_bfs.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: binary_tree_bfs.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using hello_algo.include;
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_tree
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class binary_tree_bfs
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// 层序遍历
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
/// <param name="root"></param>
|
||||
/// <returns></returns>
|
||||
public List<int> hierOrder(TreeNode root)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// 初始化队列,加入根结点
|
||||
Queue<TreeNode> queue = new();
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(root);
|
||||
// 初始化一个列表,用于保存遍历序列
|
||||
List<int> list = new();
|
||||
while (queue.Count != 0)
|
||||
{
|
||||
TreeNode node = queue.Dequeue(); // 队列出队
|
||||
list.Add(node.val); // 保存结点值
|
||||
if (node.left != null)
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(node.left); // 左子结点入队
|
||||
if (node.right != null)
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(node.right); // 右子结点入队
|
||||
}
|
||||
return list;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化二叉树 */
|
||||
// 这里借助了一个从数组直接生成二叉树的函数
|
||||
TreeNode? root = TreeNode.ArrToTree(new int?[] {
|
||||
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null});
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n初始化二叉树\n");
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
List<int> list = hierOrder(root);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n层序遍历的结点打印序列 = " + string.Join(",", list.ToArray()));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
78
codes/csharp/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.cs
Normal file
78
codes/csharp/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: binary_tree_bfs.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
using hello_algo.include;
|
||||
using NUnit.Framework;
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.chapter_tree
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class binary_tree_dfs
|
||||
{
|
||||
List<int> list = new();
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// 前序遍历
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
/// <param name="root"></param>
|
||||
void preOrder(TreeNode? root)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (root == null) return;
|
||||
// 访问优先级:根结点 -> 左子树 -> 右子树
|
||||
list.Add(root.val);
|
||||
preOrder(root.left);
|
||||
preOrder(root.right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// 中序遍历
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
/// <param name="root"></param>
|
||||
void inOrder(TreeNode? root)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (root == null) return;
|
||||
// 访问优先级:左子树 -> 根结点 -> 右子树
|
||||
inOrder(root.left);
|
||||
list.Add(root.val);
|
||||
inOrder(root.right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// 后序遍历
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
/// <param name="root"></param>
|
||||
void postOrder(TreeNode? root)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (root == null) return;
|
||||
// 访问优先级:左子树 -> 右子树 -> 根结点
|
||||
postOrder(root.left);
|
||||
postOrder(root.right);
|
||||
list.Add(root.val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[Test]
|
||||
public void Test()
|
||||
{
|
||||
/* 初始化二叉树 */
|
||||
// 这里借助了一个从数组直接生成二叉树的函数
|
||||
TreeNode? root = TreeNode.ArrToTree(new int?[] {
|
||||
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null});
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n初始化二叉树\n");
|
||||
PrintUtil.PrintTree(root);
|
||||
|
||||
list.Clear();
|
||||
preOrder(root);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n前序遍历的结点打印序列 = " + string.Join(",", list.ToArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
list.Clear();
|
||||
inOrder(root);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n中序遍历的结点打印序列 = " + string.Join(",", list.ToArray()));
|
||||
|
||||
list.Clear();
|
||||
postOrder(root);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine("\n后序遍历的结点打印序列 = " + string.Join(",", list.ToArray()));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace hello_algo.include
|
||||
public class ListNode
|
||||
{
|
||||
public int val;
|
||||
public ListNode next;
|
||||
public ListNode? next;
|
||||
|
||||
/// <summary>
|
||||
/// Generate a linked list with an array
|
||||
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace hello_algo.include
|
||||
/// </summary>
|
||||
/// <param name="arr"></param>
|
||||
/// <returns></returns>
|
||||
public static ListNode ArrToLinkedList(int[] arr)
|
||||
public static ListNode? ArrToLinkedList(int[] arr)
|
||||
{
|
||||
ListNode dum = new ListNode(0);
|
||||
ListNode head = dum;
|
||||
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ namespace hello_algo.include
|
||||
/// <param name="head"></param>
|
||||
/// <param name="val"></param>
|
||||
/// <returns></returns>
|
||||
public static ListNode GetListNode(ListNode head, int val)
|
||||
public static ListNode? GetListNode(ListNode? head, int val)
|
||||
{
|
||||
while (head != null && head.val != val)
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
124
codes/csharp/include/PrintUtil.cs
Normal file
124
codes/csharp/include/PrintUtil.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: PrintUtil.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.include
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class Trunk
|
||||
{
|
||||
public Trunk? prev;
|
||||
public String str;
|
||||
|
||||
public Trunk(Trunk? prev, String str)
|
||||
{
|
||||
this.prev = prev;
|
||||
this.str = str;
|
||||
}
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
public class PrintUtil
|
||||
{
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Print a linked list
|
||||
* @param head
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public static void PrintLinkedList(ListNode head)
|
||||
{
|
||||
List<String> list = new();
|
||||
while (head != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
list.Add(head.val.ToString());
|
||||
head = head.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
Console.Write(String.Join(" -> ", list));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* The interface of the tree printer
|
||||
* This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
|
||||
* https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
|
||||
* @param root
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public static void PrintTree(TreeNode? root)
|
||||
{
|
||||
PrintTree(root, null, false);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Print a binary tree
|
||||
* @param root
|
||||
* @param prev
|
||||
* @param isLeft
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public static void PrintTree(TreeNode? root, Trunk? prev, bool isLeft)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (root == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
String prev_str = " ";
|
||||
Trunk trunk = new Trunk(prev, prev_str);
|
||||
|
||||
PrintTree(root.right, trunk, true);
|
||||
|
||||
if (prev == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
trunk.str = "———";
|
||||
}
|
||||
else if (isLeft)
|
||||
{
|
||||
trunk.str = "/———";
|
||||
prev_str = " |";
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
trunk.str = "\\———";
|
||||
prev.str = prev_str;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
showTrunks(trunk);
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(" " + root.val);
|
||||
|
||||
if (prev != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
prev.str = prev_str;
|
||||
}
|
||||
trunk.str = " |";
|
||||
|
||||
PrintTree(root.left, trunk, false);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Helper function to print branches of the binary tree
|
||||
* @param p
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public static void showTrunks(Trunk? p)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (p == null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
showTrunks(p.prev);
|
||||
Console.Write(p.str);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Print a hash map
|
||||
* @param <K>
|
||||
* @param <V>
|
||||
* @param map
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public static void printHashMap<K, V>(Dictionary<K, V> map) where K : notnull
|
||||
{
|
||||
foreach (var kv in map.Keys)
|
||||
{
|
||||
Console.WriteLine(kv.ToString() + " -> " + map[kv]?.ToString());
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
98
codes/csharp/include/TreeNode.cs
Normal file
98
codes/csharp/include/TreeNode.cs
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: TreeNode.cs
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-23
|
||||
* Author: haptear (haptear@hotmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
namespace hello_algo.include
|
||||
{
|
||||
public class TreeNode
|
||||
{
|
||||
public int val; // 结点值
|
||||
public int height; // 结点高度
|
||||
public TreeNode? left; // 左子结点引用
|
||||
public TreeNode? right; // 右子结点引用
|
||||
|
||||
public TreeNode(int x)
|
||||
{
|
||||
val = x;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Generate a binary tree with an array
|
||||
* @param arr
|
||||
* @return
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public static TreeNode? ArrToTree(int?[] arr)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (arr.Length == 0 || arr[0] == null)
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
|
||||
TreeNode root = new TreeNode((int) arr[0]);
|
||||
Queue<TreeNode> queue = new Queue<TreeNode>();
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(root);
|
||||
int i = 1;
|
||||
while (queue.Count!=0)
|
||||
{
|
||||
TreeNode node = queue.Dequeue();
|
||||
if (arr[i] != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
node.left = new TreeNode((int) arr[i]);
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(node.left);
|
||||
}
|
||||
i++;
|
||||
if (arr[i] != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
node.right = new TreeNode((int) arr[i]);
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(node.right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
i++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Serialize a binary tree to a list
|
||||
* @param root
|
||||
* @return
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public static List<int?> TreeToList(TreeNode root)
|
||||
{
|
||||
List<int?> list = new();
|
||||
if (root == null) return list;
|
||||
Queue<TreeNode?> queue = new();
|
||||
while (queue.Count != 0)
|
||||
{
|
||||
TreeNode? node = queue.Dequeue();
|
||||
if (node != null)
|
||||
{
|
||||
list.Add(node.val);
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(node.left);
|
||||
queue.Enqueue(node.right);
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
list.Add(null);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return list;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Get a tree node with specific value in a binary tree
|
||||
* @param root
|
||||
* @param val
|
||||
* @return
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public static TreeNode? GetTreeNode(TreeNode? root, int val)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (root == null)
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
if (root.val == val)
|
||||
return root;
|
||||
TreeNode? left = GetTreeNode(root.left, val);
|
||||
TreeNode? right = GetTreeNode(root.right, val);
|
||||
return left != null ? left : right;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
79
codes/go/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.go
Normal file
79
codes/go/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.go
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
|
||||
// File: array.go
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-29
|
||||
// Author: GuoWei (gongguowei01@gmail.com), cathay (cathaycchen@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_array_and_linkedlist
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"math/rand"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
我们将 Go 中的 Slice 切片看作 Array 数组,降低理解成本,
|
||||
有利于我们将关注点放在数据结构与算法上。
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/* 随机返回一个数组元素 */
|
||||
func randomAccess(nums []int) (randomNum int) {
|
||||
// 在区间 [0, nums.length) 中随机抽取一个数字
|
||||
randomIndex := rand.Intn(len(nums))
|
||||
// 获取并返回随机元素
|
||||
randomNum = nums[randomIndex]
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 扩展数组长度 */
|
||||
func extend(nums []int, enlarge int) []int {
|
||||
// 初始化一个扩展长度后的数组
|
||||
res := make([]int, len(nums)+enlarge)
|
||||
// 将原数组中的所有元素复制到新数组
|
||||
for i, num := range nums {
|
||||
res[i] = num
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 返回扩展后的新数组
|
||||
return res
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 在数组的索引 index 处插入元素 num */
|
||||
func insert(nums []int, num int, index int) {
|
||||
// 把索引 index 以及之后的所有元素向后移动一位
|
||||
for i := len(nums) - 1; i > index; i-- {
|
||||
nums[i] = nums[i-1]
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 将 num 赋给 index 处元素
|
||||
nums[index] = num
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除索引 index 处元素 */
|
||||
func remove(nums []int, index int) {
|
||||
// 把索引 index 之后的所有元素向前移动一位
|
||||
for i := index; i < len(nums)-1; i++ {
|
||||
nums[i] = nums[i+1]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 遍历数组 */
|
||||
func traverse(nums []int) {
|
||||
count := 0
|
||||
// 通过索引遍历数组
|
||||
for i := 0; i < len(nums); i++ {
|
||||
count++
|
||||
}
|
||||
count = 0
|
||||
// 直接遍历数组
|
||||
for range nums {
|
||||
count++
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 在数组中查找指定元素 */
|
||||
func find(nums []int, target int) (index int) {
|
||||
index = -1
|
||||
for i := 0; i < len(nums); i++ {
|
||||
if nums[i] == target {
|
||||
index = i
|
||||
break
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
47
codes/go/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array_test.go
Normal file
47
codes/go/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array_test.go
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
|
||||
// File: array_test.go
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-29
|
||||
// Author: GuoWei (gongguowei01@gmail.com), cathay (cathaycchen@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_array_and_linkedlist
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
我们将 Go 中的 Slice 切片看作 Array 数组。因为这样可以
|
||||
降低理解成本,利于我们将关注点放在数据结构与算法上。
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"testing"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
func TestArray(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
/* 初始化数组 */
|
||||
var arr []int
|
||||
fmt.Println("数组 arr =", arr)
|
||||
nums := []int{1, 3, 2, 5, 4}
|
||||
fmt.Println("数组 nums =", nums)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 随机访问 */
|
||||
randomNum := randomAccess(nums)
|
||||
fmt.Println("在 nums 中获取随机元素", randomNum)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 长度扩展 */
|
||||
nums = extend(nums, 3)
|
||||
fmt.Println("将数组长度扩展至 8 ,得到 nums =", nums)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 插入元素 */
|
||||
insert(nums, 6, 3)
|
||||
fmt.Println("在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 nums =", nums)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除元素 */
|
||||
remove(nums, 2)
|
||||
fmt.Println("删除索引 2 处的元素,得到 nums =", nums)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 遍历数组 */
|
||||
traverse(nums)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查找元素 */
|
||||
index := find(nums, 3)
|
||||
fmt.Println("在 nums 中查找元素 3 ,得到索引 =", index)
|
||||
}
|
51
codes/go/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.go
Normal file
51
codes/go/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.go
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
|
||||
// File: linked_list.go
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-29
|
||||
// Author: cathay (cathaycchen@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_array_and_linkedlist
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
. "github.com/krahets/hello-algo/pkg"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 在链表的结点 n0 之后插入结点 P */
|
||||
func insertNode(n0 *ListNode, P *ListNode) {
|
||||
n1 := n0.Next
|
||||
n0.Next = P
|
||||
P.Next = n1
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除链表的结点 n0 之后的首个结点 */
|
||||
func removeNode(n0 *ListNode) {
|
||||
if n0.Next == nil {
|
||||
return
|
||||
}
|
||||
// n0 -> P -> n1
|
||||
P := n0.Next
|
||||
n1 := P.Next
|
||||
n0.Next = n1
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问链表中索引为 index 的结点 */
|
||||
func access(head *ListNode, index int) *ListNode {
|
||||
for i := 0; i < index; i++ {
|
||||
head = head.Next
|
||||
if head == nil {
|
||||
return nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return head
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 在链表中查找值为 target 的首个结点 */
|
||||
func findNode(head *ListNode, target int) int {
|
||||
index := 0
|
||||
for head != nil {
|
||||
if head.Val == target {
|
||||
return index
|
||||
}
|
||||
head = head.Next
|
||||
index++
|
||||
}
|
||||
return -1
|
||||
}
|
48
codes/go/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list_test.go
Normal file
48
codes/go/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list_test.go
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
|
||||
// File: linked_list_test.go
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-29
|
||||
// Author: cathay (cathaycchen@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_array_and_linkedlist
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"testing"
|
||||
|
||||
. "github.com/krahets/hello-algo/pkg"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func TestLikedList(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
/* 初始化链表 1 -> 3 -> 2 -> 5 -> 4 */
|
||||
// 初始化各个结点
|
||||
n0 := NewListNode(1)
|
||||
n1 := NewListNode(3)
|
||||
n2 := NewListNode(2)
|
||||
n3 := NewListNode(5)
|
||||
n4 := NewListNode(4)
|
||||
|
||||
// 构建引用指向
|
||||
n0.Next = n1
|
||||
n1.Next = n2
|
||||
n2.Next = n3
|
||||
n3.Next = n4
|
||||
fmt.Println("初始化的链表为")
|
||||
PrintLinkedList(n0)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 插入结点 */
|
||||
insertNode(n0, NewListNode(0))
|
||||
fmt.Println("插入结点后的链表为")
|
||||
PrintLinkedList(n0)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除结点 */
|
||||
removeNode(n0)
|
||||
fmt.Println("删除结点后的链表为")
|
||||
PrintLinkedList(n0)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问结点 */
|
||||
node := access(n0, 3)
|
||||
fmt.Println("链表中索引 3 处的结点的值 =", node)
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查找结点 */
|
||||
index := findNode(n0, 2)
|
||||
fmt.Println("链表中值为 2 的结点的索引 =", index)
|
||||
}
|
@ -79,16 +79,19 @@ func (l *MyList) insert(num, index int) {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除元素 */
|
||||
func (l *MyList) remove(index int) {
|
||||
func (l *MyList) remove(index int) int {
|
||||
if index >= l.numsSize {
|
||||
panic("索引越界")
|
||||
}
|
||||
num := l.nums[index]
|
||||
// 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
|
||||
for j := index; j < l.numsSize-1; j++ {
|
||||
l.nums[j] = l.nums[j+1]
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 更新元素数量
|
||||
l.numsSize--
|
||||
// 返回被删除元素
|
||||
return num
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 列表扩容 */
|
||||
@ -103,4 +106,4 @@ func (l *MyList) extendCapacity() {
|
||||
func (l *MyList) toArray() []int {
|
||||
// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
|
||||
return l.nums[:l.numsSize]
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func printTree(root *TreeNode) {
|
||||
printTree(root.right)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 函数(或称方法)*/
|
||||
/* 函数 */
|
||||
func function() int {
|
||||
// do something...
|
||||
return 0
|
||||
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-06
|
||||
// Author: Slone123c (274325721@qq.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package bubble_sort
|
||||
package chapter_sorting
|
||||
|
||||
/* 冒泡排序 */
|
||||
func bubbleSort(nums []int) {
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-06
|
||||
// Author: Slone123c (274325721@qq.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package bubble_sort
|
||||
package chapter_sorting
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-12
|
||||
// Author: msk397 (machangxinq@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package insertion_sort
|
||||
package chapter_sorting
|
||||
|
||||
func insertionSort(nums []int) {
|
||||
// 外循环:待排序元素数量为 n-1, n-2, ..., 1
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-12
|
||||
// Author: msk397 (machangxinq@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package insertion_sort
|
||||
package chapter_sorting
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-13
|
||||
// Author: msk397 (machangxinq@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package merge_sort
|
||||
package chapter_sorting
|
||||
|
||||
// 合并左子数组和右子数组
|
||||
// 左子数组区间 [left, mid]
|
||||
@ -21,15 +21,15 @@ func merge(nums []int, left, mid, right int) {
|
||||
i, j := left_start, right_start
|
||||
// 通过覆盖原数组 nums 来合并左子数组和右子数组
|
||||
for k := left; k <= right; k++ {
|
||||
// 若 “左子数组已全部合并完”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
// 若“左子数组已全部合并完”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
if i > left_end {
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[j]
|
||||
j++
|
||||
// 否则,若 “右子数组已全部合并完” 或 “左子数组元素 < 右子数组元素”,则选取左子数组元素,并且 i++
|
||||
// 否则,若“右子数组已全部合并完”或“左子数组元素 <= 右子数组元素”,则选取左子数组元素,并且 i++
|
||||
} else if j > right_end || tmp[i] <= tmp[j] {
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[i]
|
||||
i++
|
||||
// 否则,若 “左子数组元素 > 右子数组元素”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
// 否则,若“左右子数组都未全部合并完”且“左子数组元素 > 右子数组元素”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[j]
|
||||
j++
|
@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
|
||||
package merge_sort
|
||||
// File: merge_sort_test.go
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-13
|
||||
// Author: msk397 (machangxinq@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package chapter_sorting
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"testing"
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-12
|
||||
// Author: msk397 (machangxinq@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package quick_sort
|
||||
package chapter_sorting
|
||||
|
||||
// 快速排序
|
||||
type QuickSort struct{}
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
// Created Time: 2022-12-12
|
||||
// Author: msk397 (machangxinq@gmail.com)
|
||||
|
||||
package quick_sort
|
||||
package chapter_sorting
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"fmt"
|
@ -23,13 +23,13 @@ func NewBinarySearchTree(nums []int) *BinarySearchTree {
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// GetRoot Get the root node of binary search tree
|
||||
/* 获取根结点 */
|
||||
func (bst *BinarySearchTree) GetRoot() *TreeNode {
|
||||
return bst.root
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// GetMin Get node with the min value
|
||||
func (bst *BinarySearchTree) GetMin(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {
|
||||
/* 获取中序遍历的下一个结点 */
|
||||
func (bst *BinarySearchTree) GetInOrderNext(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {
|
||||
if node == nil {
|
||||
return node
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -40,19 +40,6 @@ func (bst *BinarySearchTree) GetMin(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {
|
||||
return node
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// GetInorderNext Get node inorder next
|
||||
func (bst *BinarySearchTree) GetInorderNext(node *TreeNode) *TreeNode {
|
||||
if node == nil || node.Right == nil {
|
||||
return node
|
||||
}
|
||||
node = node.Right
|
||||
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
|
||||
for node.Left != nil {
|
||||
node = node.Left
|
||||
}
|
||||
return node
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查找结点 */
|
||||
func (bst *BinarySearchTree) Search(num int) *TreeNode {
|
||||
node := bst.root
|
||||
@ -149,7 +136,7 @@ func (bst *BinarySearchTree) Remove(num int) *TreeNode {
|
||||
// 子结点数为 2
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
// 获取中序遍历中待删除结点 cur 的下一个结点
|
||||
next := bst.GetInorderNext(cur)
|
||||
next := bst.GetInOrderNext(cur)
|
||||
temp := next.Val
|
||||
// 递归删除结点 next
|
||||
bst.Remove(next.Val)
|
||||
|
@ -12,33 +12,30 @@ import (
|
||||
func TestBinarySearchTree(t *testing.T) {
|
||||
nums := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15}
|
||||
bst := NewBinarySearchTree(nums)
|
||||
fmt.Println("初始化的二叉树为:")
|
||||
fmt.Println("\n初始化的二叉树为:")
|
||||
bst.Print()
|
||||
|
||||
// 获取根结点
|
||||
node := bst.GetRoot()
|
||||
fmt.Println("二叉树的根结点为:", node.Val)
|
||||
// 获取最小的结点
|
||||
node = bst.GetMin(bst.GetRoot())
|
||||
fmt.Println("二叉树的最小结点为:", node.Val)
|
||||
fmt.Println("\n二叉树的根结点为:", node.Val)
|
||||
|
||||
// 查找结点
|
||||
node = bst.Search(5)
|
||||
fmt.Println("查找到的结点对象为", node, ",结点值 =", node.Val)
|
||||
fmt.Println("\n查找到的结点对象为", node, ",结点值 =", node.Val)
|
||||
|
||||
// 插入结点
|
||||
node = bst.Insert(16)
|
||||
fmt.Println("插入结点后 16 的二叉树为:")
|
||||
fmt.Println("\n插入结点后 16 的二叉树为:")
|
||||
bst.Print()
|
||||
|
||||
// 删除结点
|
||||
bst.Remove(1)
|
||||
fmt.Println("删除结点 1 后的二叉树为:")
|
||||
fmt.Println("\n删除结点 1 后的二叉树为:")
|
||||
bst.Print()
|
||||
bst.Remove(2)
|
||||
fmt.Println("删除结点 2 后的二叉树为:")
|
||||
fmt.Println("\n删除结点 2 后的二叉树为:")
|
||||
bst.Print()
|
||||
bst.Remove(4)
|
||||
fmt.Println("删除结点 4 后的二叉树为:")
|
||||
fmt.Println("\n删除结点 4 后的二叉树为:")
|
||||
bst.Print()
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -25,13 +25,13 @@ public class merge_sort {
|
||||
int i = leftStart, j = rightStart;
|
||||
// 通过覆盖原数组 nums 来合并左子数组和右子数组
|
||||
for (int k = left; k <= right; k++) {
|
||||
// 若 “左子数组已全部合并完”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
// 若“左子数组已全部合并完”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
if (i > leftEnd)
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[j++];
|
||||
// 否则,若 “右子数组已全部合并完” 或 “左子数组元素 < 右子数组元素”,则选取左子数组元素,并且 i++
|
||||
// 否则,若“右子数组已全部合并完”或“左子数组元素 <= 右子数组元素”,则选取左子数组元素,并且 i++
|
||||
else if (j > rightEnd || tmp[i] <= tmp[j])
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[i++];
|
||||
// 否则,若 “左子数组元素 > 右子数组元素”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
// 否则,若“左右子数组都未全部合并完”且“左子数组元素 > 右子数组元素”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
else
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[j++];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
@ -58,19 +58,11 @@ class ArrayQueue {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
public int peek() {
|
||||
// 删除头结点
|
||||
if (isEmpty())
|
||||
throw new EmptyStackException();
|
||||
return nums[front];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
|
||||
int get(int index) {
|
||||
if (index >= size())
|
||||
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
|
||||
return nums[(front + index) % capacity()];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 返回数组 */
|
||||
public int[] toArray() {
|
||||
int size = size();
|
||||
|
@ -45,13 +45,6 @@ class ArrayStack {
|
||||
return stack.get(size() - 1);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
|
||||
public int get(int index) {
|
||||
if (index >= size())
|
||||
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
|
||||
return stack.get(index);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将 List 转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
public Object[] toArray() {
|
||||
return stack.toArray();
|
||||
@ -75,10 +68,6 @@ public class array_stack {
|
||||
int peek = stack.peek();
|
||||
System.out.println("栈顶元素 peek = " + peek);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
|
||||
int num = stack.get(3);
|
||||
System.out.println("栈索引 3 处的元素为 num = " + num);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出栈 */
|
||||
int pop = stack.pop();
|
||||
System.out.println("出栈元素 pop = " + pop + ",出栈后 stack = " + Arrays.toString(stack.toArray()));
|
||||
|
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ class AVLTree {
|
||||
node = child;
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
// 子结点数量 = 2 ,则将中序遍历的下个结点删除,并用该结点替换当前结点
|
||||
TreeNode temp = minNode(node.right);
|
||||
TreeNode temp = getInOrderNext(node.right);
|
||||
node.right = removeHelper(node.right, temp.val);
|
||||
node.val = temp.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -150,8 +150,8 @@ class AVLTree {
|
||||
return node;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取最小结点 */
|
||||
private TreeNode minNode(TreeNode node) {
|
||||
/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
|
||||
private TreeNode getInOrderNext(TreeNode node) {
|
||||
if (node == null) return node;
|
||||
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
|
||||
while (node.left != null) {
|
||||
|
@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ class BinarySearchTree {
|
||||
// 子结点数量 = 2
|
||||
else {
|
||||
// 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个结点
|
||||
TreeNode nex = min(cur.right);
|
||||
TreeNode nex = getInOrderNext(cur.right);
|
||||
int tmp = nex.val;
|
||||
// 递归删除结点 nex
|
||||
remove(nex.val);
|
||||
@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ class BinarySearchTree {
|
||||
return cur;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取最小结点 */
|
||||
public TreeNode min(TreeNode root) {
|
||||
/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
|
||||
public TreeNode getInOrderNext(TreeNode root) {
|
||||
if (root == null) return root;
|
||||
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
|
||||
while (root.left != null) {
|
||||
|
129
codes/javascript/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.js
Normal file
129
codes/javascript/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.js
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* File: array_hash_map.js
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-26
|
||||
* Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/* 键值对 Number -> String */
|
||||
class Entry {
|
||||
constructor(key, val) {
|
||||
this.key = key;
|
||||
this.val = val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于数组简易实现的哈希表 */
|
||||
class ArrayHashMap {
|
||||
#bucket;
|
||||
constructor() {
|
||||
// 初始化一个长度为 100 的桶(数组)
|
||||
this.#bucket = new Array(100).fill(null);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 哈希函数 */
|
||||
#hashFunc(key) {
|
||||
return key % 100;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查询操作 */
|
||||
get(key) {
|
||||
let index = this.#hashFunc(key);
|
||||
let entry = this.#bucket[index];
|
||||
if (entry === null) return null;
|
||||
return entry.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 添加操作 */
|
||||
set(key, val) {
|
||||
let index = this.#hashFunc(key);
|
||||
this.#bucket[index] = new Entry(key, val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除操作 */
|
||||
delete(key) {
|
||||
let index = this.#hashFunc(key);
|
||||
// 置为 null ,代表删除
|
||||
this.#bucket[index] = null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取所有键值对 */
|
||||
entries() {
|
||||
let arr = [];
|
||||
for (let i = 0; i < this.#bucket.length; i++) {
|
||||
if (this.#bucket[i]) {
|
||||
arr.push(this.#bucket[i]);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return arr;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取所有键 */
|
||||
keys() {
|
||||
let arr = [];
|
||||
for (let i = 0; i < this.#bucket.length; i++) {
|
||||
if (this.#bucket[i]) {
|
||||
arr.push(this.#bucket[i]?.key);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return arr;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取所有值 */
|
||||
values() {
|
||||
let arr = [];
|
||||
for (let i = 0; i < this.#bucket.length; i++) {
|
||||
if (this.#bucket[i]) {
|
||||
arr.push(this.#bucket[i]?.val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
return arr;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 打印哈希表 */
|
||||
print() {
|
||||
let entrySet = this.entries();
|
||||
for (const entry of entrySet) {
|
||||
if (!entry) continue;
|
||||
console.info(`${entry.key} -> ${entry.val}`);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
/* 初始化哈希表 */
|
||||
const map = new ArrayHashMap();
|
||||
/* 添加操作 */
|
||||
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
|
||||
map.set(12836, '小哈');
|
||||
map.set(15937, '小啰');
|
||||
map.set(16750, '小算');
|
||||
map.set(13276, '小法');
|
||||
map.set(10583, '小鸭');
|
||||
console.info('\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value');
|
||||
map.print();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查询操作 */
|
||||
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
|
||||
let name = map.get(15937);
|
||||
console.info('\n输入学号 15937 ,查询到姓名 ' + name);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除操作 */
|
||||
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
|
||||
map.delete(10583);
|
||||
console.info('\n删除 10583 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value');
|
||||
map.print();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 遍历哈希表 */
|
||||
console.info('\n遍历键值对 Key->Value');
|
||||
for (const entry of map.entries()) {
|
||||
if (!entry) continue;
|
||||
console.info(entry.key + ' -> ' + entry.val);
|
||||
}
|
||||
console.info('\n单独遍历键 Key');
|
||||
for (const key of map.keys()) {
|
||||
console.info(key);
|
||||
}
|
||||
console.info('\n单独遍历值 Value');
|
||||
for (const val of map.values()) {
|
||||
console.info(val);
|
||||
}
|
44
codes/javascript/chapter_hashing/hash_map.js
Normal file
44
codes/javascript/chapter_hashing/hash_map.js
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
|
||||
/*
|
||||
* File: hash_map.js
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-26
|
||||
* Author: Justin (xiefahit@gmail.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
/* 初始化哈希表 */
|
||||
const map = new Map();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 添加操作 */
|
||||
// 在哈希表中添加键值对 (key, value)
|
||||
map.set(12836, '小哈');
|
||||
map.set(15937, '小啰');
|
||||
map.set(16750, '小算');
|
||||
map.set(13276, '小法');
|
||||
map.set(10583, '小鸭');
|
||||
console.info('\n添加完成后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value');
|
||||
console.info(map);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 查询操作 */
|
||||
// 向哈希表输入键 key ,得到值 value
|
||||
let name = map.get(15937);
|
||||
console.info('\n输入学号 15937 ,查询到姓名 ' + name);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 删除操作 */
|
||||
// 在哈希表中删除键值对 (key, value)
|
||||
map.delete(10583);
|
||||
console.info('\n删除 10583 后,哈希表为\nKey -> Value');
|
||||
console.info(map);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 遍历哈希表 */
|
||||
console.info('\n遍历键值对 Key->Value');
|
||||
for (const [k, v] of map.entries()) {
|
||||
console.info(k + ' -> ' + v);
|
||||
}
|
||||
console.info('\n单独遍历键 Key');
|
||||
for (const k of map.keys()) {
|
||||
console.info(k);
|
||||
}
|
||||
console.info('\n单独遍历值 Value');
|
||||
for (const v of map.values()) {
|
||||
console.info(v);
|
||||
}
|
53
codes/javascript/chapter_searching/binary_search.js
Normal file
53
codes/javascript/chapter_searching/binary_search.js
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: binary_search.js
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-22
|
||||
* Author: JoseHung (szhong@link.cuhk.edu.hk)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
/* 二分查找(双闭区间) */
|
||||
function binarySearch(nums, target) {
|
||||
// 初始化双闭区间 [0, n-1] ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素
|
||||
let i = 0, j = nums.length - 1;
|
||||
// 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i > j 时为空)
|
||||
while (i <= j) {
|
||||
let m = parseInt((i + j) / 2); // 计算中点索引 m ,在 JS 中需使用 parseInt 函数取整
|
||||
if (nums[m] < target) // 此情况说明 target 在区间 [m+1, j] 中
|
||||
i = m + 1;
|
||||
else if (nums[m] > target) // 此情况说明 target 在区间 [i, m-1] 中
|
||||
j = m - 1;
|
||||
else
|
||||
return m; // 找到目标元素,返回其索引
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
|
||||
function binarySearch1(nums, target) {
|
||||
// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
|
||||
let i = 0, j = nums.length;
|
||||
// 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i = j 时为空)
|
||||
while (i < j) {
|
||||
let m = parseInt((i + j) / 2); // 计算中点索引 m ,在 JS 中需使用 parseInt 函数取整
|
||||
if (nums[m] < target) // 此情况说明 target 在区间 [m+1, j) 中
|
||||
i = m + 1;
|
||||
else if (nums[m] > target) // 此情况说明 target 在区间 [i, m) 中
|
||||
j = m;
|
||||
else // 找到目标元素,返回其索引
|
||||
return m;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
var target = 6;
|
||||
var nums = [1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 23, 67, 70, 92];
|
||||
|
||||
/* 二分查找(双闭区间) */
|
||||
var index = binarySearch(nums, target);
|
||||
console.log("目标元素 6 的索引 = " + index);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
|
||||
index = binarySearch1(nums, target);
|
||||
console.log("目标元素 6 的索引 = " + index);
|
48
codes/javascript/chapter_searching/linear_search.js
Normal file
48
codes/javascript/chapter_searching/linear_search.js
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: linear-search.js
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-22
|
||||
* Author: JoseHung (szhong@link.cuhk.edu.hk)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
const ListNode = require("../include/ListNode");
|
||||
|
||||
/* 线性查找(数组) */
|
||||
function linearSearchArray(nums, target) {
|
||||
// 遍历数组
|
||||
for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
|
||||
// 找到目标元素,返回其索引
|
||||
if (nums[i] === target) {
|
||||
return i;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
|
||||
return -1;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 线性查找(链表)*/
|
||||
function linearSearchLinkedList(head, target) {
|
||||
// 遍历链表
|
||||
while(head) {
|
||||
// 找到目标结点,返回之
|
||||
if(head.val === target) {
|
||||
return head;
|
||||
}
|
||||
head = head.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
// 未找到目标结点,返回 null
|
||||
return null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
var target = 3;
|
||||
|
||||
/* 在数组中执行线性查找 */
|
||||
var nums = [1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 7, 5, 9, 10, 8];
|
||||
var index = linearSearchArray(nums, target);
|
||||
console.log("目标元素 3 的索引 = " + index);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 在链表中执行线性查找 */
|
||||
var linkedList = new ListNode();
|
||||
var head = linkedList.arrToLinkedList(nums);
|
||||
var node = linearSearchLinkedList(head, target);
|
||||
console.log("目标结点值 3 的对应结点对象为 " + node);
|
@ -20,13 +20,13 @@ function merge(nums, left, mid, right) {
|
||||
let i = leftStart, j = rightStart;
|
||||
// 通过覆盖原数组 nums 来合并左子数组和右子数组
|
||||
for (let k = left; k <= right; k++) {
|
||||
// 若 “左子数组已全部合并完”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
// 若“左子数组已全部合并完”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
if (i > leftEnd) {
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[j++];
|
||||
// 否则,若 “右子数组已全部合并完” 或 “左子数组元素 < 右子数组元素”,则选取左子数组元素,并且 i++
|
||||
// 否则,若“右子数组已全部合并完”或“左子数组元素 <= 右子数组元素”,则选取左子数组元素,并且 i++
|
||||
} else if (j > rightEnd || tmp[i] <= tmp[j]) {
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[i++];
|
||||
// 否则,若 “左子数组元素 > 右子数组元素”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
// 否则,若“左右子数组都未全部合并完”且“左子数组元素 > 右子数组元素”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[j++];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
110
codes/javascript/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.js
Normal file
110
codes/javascript/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.js
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: array_queue.js
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-13
|
||||
* Author: S-N-O-R-L-A-X (snorlax.xu@outlook.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于环形数组实现的队列 */
|
||||
class ArrayQueue {
|
||||
#queue; // 用于存储队列元素的数组
|
||||
#front = 0; // 头指针,指向队首
|
||||
#rear = 0; // 尾指针,指向队尾 + 1
|
||||
|
||||
constructor(capacity) {
|
||||
this.#queue = new Array(capacity);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的容量 */
|
||||
get capacity() {
|
||||
return this.#queue.length;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
get size() {
|
||||
// 由于将数组看作为环形,可能 rear < front ,因此需要取余数
|
||||
return (this.capacity + this.#rear - this.#front) % this.capacity;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
empty() {
|
||||
return this.#rear - this.#front == 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入队 */
|
||||
offer(num) {
|
||||
if (this.size == this.capacity)
|
||||
throw new Error("队列已满");
|
||||
// 尾结点后添加 num
|
||||
this.#queue[this.#rear] = num;
|
||||
// 尾指针向后移动一位,越过尾部后返回到数组头部
|
||||
this.#rear = (this.#rear + 1) % this.capacity;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出队 */
|
||||
poll() {
|
||||
const num = this.peek();
|
||||
// 队头指针向后移动一位,若越过尾部则返回到数组头部
|
||||
this.#front = (this.#front + 1) % this.capacity;
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
peek() {
|
||||
if (this.empty())
|
||||
throw new Error("队列为空");
|
||||
return this.#queue[this.#front];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 返回 Array */
|
||||
toArray() {
|
||||
const siz = this.size;
|
||||
const cap = this.capacity;
|
||||
// 仅转换有效长度范围内的列表元素
|
||||
const arr = new Array(siz);
|
||||
for (let i = 0, j = this.#front; i < siz; i++, j++) {
|
||||
arr[i] = this.#queue[j % cap];
|
||||
}
|
||||
return arr;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
/* 初始化队列 */
|
||||
const capacity = 10;
|
||||
const queue = new ArrayQueue(capacity);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入队 */
|
||||
queue.offer(1);
|
||||
queue.offer(3);
|
||||
queue.offer(2);
|
||||
queue.offer(5);
|
||||
queue.offer(4);
|
||||
console.log("队列 queue = ");
|
||||
console.log(queue.toArray());
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
const peek = queue.peek();
|
||||
console.log("队首元素 peek = " + peek);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
const poll = queue.poll();
|
||||
console.log("出队元素 poll = " + poll + ",出队后 queue = ");
|
||||
console.log(queue.toArray());
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
const size = queue.size;
|
||||
console.log("队列长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
const empty = queue.empty();
|
||||
console.log("队列是否为空 = " + empty);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 测试环形数组 */
|
||||
for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
|
||||
queue.offer(i);
|
||||
queue.poll();
|
||||
console.log("第 " + i + " 轮入队 + 出队后 queue = ");
|
||||
console.log(queue.toArray());
|
||||
}
|
@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ class ArrayStack {
|
||||
constructor() {
|
||||
this.stack = [];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
get size() {
|
||||
return this.stack.length;
|
||||
@ -28,22 +29,18 @@ class ArrayStack {
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
pop() {
|
||||
if (this.empty()) throw "栈为空";
|
||||
if (this.empty())
|
||||
throw new Error("栈为空");
|
||||
return this.stack.pop();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
top() {
|
||||
if (this.empty()) throw "栈为空";
|
||||
if (this.empty())
|
||||
throw new Error("栈为空");
|
||||
return this.stack[this.stack.length - 1];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
|
||||
get(index) {
|
||||
if (index >= this.size) throw "索引越界";
|
||||
return this.stack[index];
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 返回 Array */
|
||||
toArray() {
|
||||
return this.stack;
|
||||
@ -69,10 +66,6 @@ console.log(stack.toArray());
|
||||
const top = stack.top();
|
||||
console.log("栈顶元素 top = " + top);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问索引 index 处元素 */
|
||||
const num = stack.get(3);
|
||||
console.log("栈索引 3 处的元素为 num = " + num);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出栈 */
|
||||
const pop = stack.pop();
|
||||
console.log("出栈元素 pop = " + pop + ",出栈后 stack = ");
|
||||
|
102
codes/javascript/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.js
Normal file
102
codes/javascript/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.js
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: linkedlist_queue.js
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-20
|
||||
* Author: S-N-O-R-L-A-X (snorlax.xu@outlook.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
const ListNode = require("../include/ListNode");
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于链表实现的队列 */
|
||||
class LinkedListQueue {
|
||||
#front; // 头结点 #front
|
||||
#rear; // 尾结点 #rear
|
||||
#queSize = 0;
|
||||
|
||||
constructor() {
|
||||
this.#front = null;
|
||||
this.#rear = null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
get size() {
|
||||
return this.#queSize;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
isEmpty() {
|
||||
return this.size === 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入队 */
|
||||
offer(num) {
|
||||
// 尾结点后添加 num
|
||||
const node = new ListNode(num);
|
||||
// 如果队列为空,则令头、尾结点都指向该结点
|
||||
if (!this.#front) {
|
||||
this.#front = node;
|
||||
this.#rear = node;
|
||||
// 如果队列不为空,则将该结点添加到尾结点后
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
this.#rear.next = node;
|
||||
this.#rear = node;
|
||||
}
|
||||
this.#queSize++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出队 */
|
||||
poll() {
|
||||
const num = this.peek();
|
||||
// 删除头结点
|
||||
this.#front = this.#front.next;
|
||||
this.#queSize--;
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
peek() {
|
||||
if (this.size === 0)
|
||||
throw new Error("队列为空");
|
||||
return this.#front.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将链表转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
toArray() {
|
||||
let node = this.#front;
|
||||
const res = new Array(this.size);
|
||||
for (let i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
|
||||
res[i] = node.val;
|
||||
node = node.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
/* 初始化队列 */
|
||||
const queue = new LinkedListQueue();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入队 */
|
||||
queue.offer(1);
|
||||
queue.offer(3);
|
||||
queue.offer(2);
|
||||
queue.offer(5);
|
||||
queue.offer(4);
|
||||
console.log("队列 queue = " + queue.toArray());
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问队首元素 */
|
||||
const peek = queue.peek();
|
||||
console.log("队首元素 peek = " + peek);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
const poll = queue.poll();
|
||||
console.log("出队元素 poll = " + poll + ",出队后 queue = " + queue.toArray());
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
const size = queue.size;
|
||||
console.log("队列长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断队列是否为空 */
|
||||
const isEmpty = queue.isEmpty();
|
||||
console.log("队列是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
89
codes/javascript/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.js
Normal file
89
codes/javascript/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.js
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* File: linkedlist_stack.js
|
||||
* Created Time: 2022-12-22
|
||||
* Author: S-N-O-R-L-A-X (snorlax.xu@outlook.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
const ListNode = require("../include/ListNode");
|
||||
|
||||
/* 基于链表实现的栈 */
|
||||
class LinkedListStack {
|
||||
#stackPeek; // 将头结点作为栈顶
|
||||
#stkSize = 0; // 栈的长度
|
||||
|
||||
constructor() {
|
||||
this.#stackPeek = null;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
get size() {
|
||||
return this.#stkSize;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断栈是否为空 */
|
||||
isEmpty() {
|
||||
return this.size == 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 入栈 */
|
||||
push(num) {
|
||||
const node = new ListNode(num);
|
||||
node.next = this.#stackPeek;
|
||||
this.#stackPeek = node;
|
||||
this.#stkSize++;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 出栈 */
|
||||
pop() {
|
||||
const num = this.peek();
|
||||
this.#stackPeek = this.#stackPeek.next;
|
||||
this.#stkSize--;
|
||||
return num;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
peek() {
|
||||
if (!this.#stackPeek)
|
||||
throw new Error("栈为空!");
|
||||
return this.#stackPeek.val;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 将链表转化为 Array 并返回 */
|
||||
toArray() {
|
||||
let node = this.#stackPeek;
|
||||
const res = new Array(this.size);
|
||||
for (let i = res.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
|
||||
res[i] = node.val;
|
||||
node = node.next;
|
||||
}
|
||||
return res;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* 初始化栈 */
|
||||
const stack = new LinkedListStack();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入栈 */
|
||||
stack.push(1);
|
||||
stack.push(3);
|
||||
stack.push(2);
|
||||
stack.push(5);
|
||||
stack.push(4);
|
||||
console.log("栈 stack = " + stack.toArray());
|
||||
|
||||
/* 访问栈顶元素 */
|
||||
const peek = stack.peek();
|
||||
console.log("栈顶元素 peek = " + peek);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出栈 */
|
||||
const pop = stack.pop();
|
||||
console.log("出栈元素 pop = " + pop + ",出栈后 stack = " + stack.toArray());
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取栈的长度 */
|
||||
const size = stack.size;
|
||||
console.log("栈的长度 size = " + size);
|
||||
|
||||
/* 判断是否为空 */
|
||||
const isEmpty = stack.isEmpty();
|
||||
console.log("栈是否为空 = " + isEmpty);
|
@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
|
||||
* Author: S-N-O-R-L-A-X (snorlax.xu@outlook.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
/* 初始化队列 */
|
||||
// JavaScript 没有内置的队列,可以把 Array 当作队列来使用
|
||||
// 注意:由于是数组,所以 shift() 的时间复杂度是 O(n)
|
||||
// JavaScript 没有内置的队列,可以把 Array 当作队列来使用
|
||||
const queue = [];
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素入队 */
|
||||
@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ queue.push(4);
|
||||
const peek = queue[0];
|
||||
|
||||
/* 元素出队 */
|
||||
// O(n)
|
||||
// 底层是数组,因此 shift() 方法的时间复杂度为 O(n)
|
||||
const poll = queue.shift();
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取队列的长度 */
|
||||
|
@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
|
||||
* Author: S-N-O-R-L-A-X (snorlax.xu@outlook.com)
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
/* Driver Code */
|
||||
/* 初始化栈 */
|
||||
// Javascript 没有内置的栈类,可以把 Array 当作栈来使用
|
||||
const stack = [];
|
||||
|
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ function remove(num) {
|
||||
// 子结点数量 = 2
|
||||
else {
|
||||
// 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个结点
|
||||
let nex = min(cur.right);
|
||||
let nex = getInOrderNext(cur.right);
|
||||
let tmp = nex.val;
|
||||
// 递归删除结点 nex
|
||||
remove(nex.val);
|
||||
@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ function remove(num) {
|
||||
return cur;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/* 获取最小结点 */
|
||||
function min(root) {
|
||||
/* 获取中序遍历中的下一个结点(仅适用于 root 有左子结点的情况) */
|
||||
function getInOrderNext(root) {
|
||||
if (root === null) return root;
|
||||
// 循环访问左子结点,直到叶结点时为最小结点,跳出
|
||||
while (root.left !== null) {
|
||||
|
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class ListNode {
|
||||
*/
|
||||
arrToLinkedList(arr) {
|
||||
const dum = new ListNode(0);
|
||||
const head = dum;
|
||||
let head = dum;
|
||||
for (const val of arr) {
|
||||
head.next = new ListNode(val);
|
||||
head = head.next;
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: array.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: linked_list.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: list.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: my_list.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
@ -55,11 +55,14 @@ class MyList:
|
||||
""" 删除元素 """
|
||||
def remove(self, index):
|
||||
assert index < self.__size, "索引越界"
|
||||
num = self.nums[index]
|
||||
# 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
|
||||
for j in range(index, self.__size - 1):
|
||||
self.__nums[j] = self.__nums[j + 1]
|
||||
# 更新元素数量
|
||||
self.__size -= 1
|
||||
# 返回被删除元素
|
||||
return num
|
||||
|
||||
""" 列表扩容 """
|
||||
def extend_capacity(self):
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: leetcode_two_sum.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: space_complexity.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: time_complexity.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: worst_best_time_complexity.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||||
Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: binary_search.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-26
|
||||
Author: timi (xisunyy@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: hashing_search.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-26
|
||||
Author: timi (xisunyy@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: linear_search.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-26
|
||||
Author: timi (xisunyy@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: bubble_sort.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||||
Author: timi (xisunyy@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: insertion_sort.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||||
Author: timi (xisunyy@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: merge_sort.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||||
Author: timi (xisunyy@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ def merge(nums, left, mid, right):
|
||||
i, j = left_start, right_start
|
||||
# 通过覆盖原数组 nums 来合并左子数组和右子数组
|
||||
for k in range(left, right + 1):
|
||||
# 若 “左子数组已全部合并完”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
# 若“左子数组已全部合并完”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
if i > left_end:
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[j]
|
||||
j += 1
|
||||
# 否则,若 “右子数组已全部合并完” 或 “左子数组元素 < 右子数组元素”,则选取左子数组元素,并且 i++
|
||||
# 否则,若“右子数组已全部合并完”或“左子数组元素 <= 右子数组元素”,则选取左子数组元素,并且 i++
|
||||
elif j > right_end or tmp[i] <= tmp[j]:
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[i]
|
||||
i += 1
|
||||
# 否则,若 “左子数组元素 > 右子数组元素”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
# 否则,若“左右子数组都未全部合并完”且“左子数组元素 > 右子数组元素”,则选取右子数组元素,并且 j++
|
||||
else:
|
||||
nums[k] = tmp[j]
|
||||
j += 1
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: quick_sort.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-25
|
||||
Author: timi (xisunyy@163.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: array_queue.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-12-01
|
||||
Author: Peng Chen (pengchzn@gmail.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import os.path as osp
|
||||
import sys
|
||||
@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ class ArrayQueue:
|
||||
|
||||
""" 出队 """
|
||||
def poll(self):
|
||||
# 删除头结点
|
||||
num = self.peek()
|
||||
# 队头指针向后移动一位,若越过尾部则返回到数组头部
|
||||
self.__front = (self.__front + 1) % self.capacity()
|
||||
@ -50,19 +49,11 @@ class ArrayQueue:
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问队首元素 """
|
||||
def peek(self):
|
||||
# 删除头结点
|
||||
if self.is_empty():
|
||||
print("队列为空")
|
||||
return False
|
||||
return self.__nums[self.__front]
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问指定位置元素 """
|
||||
def get(self, index):
|
||||
if index >= self.size():
|
||||
print("索引越界")
|
||||
return False
|
||||
return self.__nums[(self.__front + index) % self.capacity()]
|
||||
|
||||
""" 返回列表用于打印 """
|
||||
def to_list(self):
|
||||
res = [0] * self.size()
|
||||
@ -90,10 +81,6 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
peek = queue.peek()
|
||||
print("队首元素 peek =", peek)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问索引 index 处元素 """
|
||||
num = queue.get(3)
|
||||
print("队列索引 3 处的元素为 num =", num)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 元素出队 """
|
||||
poll = queue.poll()
|
||||
print("出队元素 poll =", poll)
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: array_stack.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-29
|
||||
Author: Peng Chen (pengchzn@gmail.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import sys, os.path as osp
|
||||
sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
|
||||
@ -34,11 +34,6 @@ class ArrayStack:
|
||||
def peek(self):
|
||||
assert not self.is_empty(), "栈为空"
|
||||
return self.__stack[-1]
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问索引 index 处元素 """
|
||||
def get(self, index):
|
||||
assert index < self.size(), "索引越界"
|
||||
return self.__stack[index]
|
||||
|
||||
""" 返回列表用于打印 """
|
||||
def to_list(self):
|
||||
@ -62,10 +57,6 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
peek = stack.peek()
|
||||
print("栈顶元素 peek =", peek)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 访问索引 index 处元素 """
|
||||
num = stack.get(3)
|
||||
print("栈索引 3 处的元素为 num =", num)
|
||||
|
||||
""" 元素出栈 """
|
||||
pop = stack.pop()
|
||||
print("出栈元素 pop =", pop)
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
File: deque.py
|
||||
Created Time: 2022-11-29
|
||||
Author: Peng Chen (pengchzn@gmail.com)
|
||||
'''
|
||||
"""
|
||||
|
||||
import os.path as osp
|
||||
import sys
|
||||
|
Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user