feat: add chapter_sorting and chapter_searching by dart (#497)
* feat: add chapter_sorting by dart * feat: add chapter_searching by dart --------- Co-authored-by: huangjianqing <huangjianqing@52tt.com>
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codes/dart/chapter_searching/hashing_search.dart
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codes/dart/chapter_searching/hashing_search.dart
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/**
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* File: hashing_search.dart
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* Created Time: 2023-05-12
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* Author: Jefferson (JeffersonHuang77@gmail.com)
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*/
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import 'dart:collection';
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import '../utils/list_node.dart';
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/* 哈希查找(数组) */
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int hashingSearchArray(Map<int, int> map, int target) {
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// 哈希表的 key: 目标元素,value: 索引
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// 若哈希表中无此 key ,返回 -1
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if (!map.containsKey(target)) {
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return -1;
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}
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return map[target]!;
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}
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/* 哈希查找(链表) */
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ListNode? hashingSearchLinkedList(Map<int,ListNode> map, int target) {
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// 哈希表的 key: 目标节点值,value: 节点对象
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// 若哈希表中无此 key ,返回 null
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if (!map.containsKey(target)) {
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return null;
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}
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return map[target]!;
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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void main(){
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int target = 3;
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/* 哈希查找(数组) */
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List<int> nums = [1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 7, 5, 9, 10, 8];
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// 初始化哈希表
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Map<int,int> map = HashMap();
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for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
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map.putIfAbsent(nums[i], () => i);// key: 元素,value: 索引
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}
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int index = hashingSearchArray(map, target);
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print('目标元素 3 的索引 = $index');
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/* 哈希查找(链表) */
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ListNode? head = listToLinkedList(nums);
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// 初始化哈希表
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Map<int,ListNode> map1 = HashMap();
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while (head != null) {
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map1.putIfAbsent(head.val, () => head!); // key: 节点值,value: 节点
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head = head.next;
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}
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ListNode? node = hashingSearchLinkedList(map1, target);
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print('目标节点值 3 的对应节点对象为 $node');
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}
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48
codes/dart/chapter_searching/linear_search.dart
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codes/dart/chapter_searching/linear_search.dart
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/**
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* File: linear_search.dart
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* Created Time: 2023-05-12
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* Author: Jefferson (JeffersonHuang77@gmail.com)
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*/
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import '../utils/list_node.dart';
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/* 线性查找(数组) */
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int linearSearchArray(List<int> nums, int target) {
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// 遍历数组
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for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
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// 找到目标元素,返回其索引
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if (nums[i] == target) {
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return i;
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}
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}
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// 未找到目标元素,返回 -1
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return -1;
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}
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/* 线性查找(链表) */
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ListNode? linearSearchList(ListNode? head, int target) {
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// 遍历链表
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while (head != null) {
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// 找到目标节点,返回之
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if (head.val == target)
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return head;
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head = head.next;
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}
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// 未找到目标元素,返回 null
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return null;
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}
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/* Driver Code */
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void main(){
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int target = 3;
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/* 在数组中执行线性查找 */
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List<int> nums = [1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 7, 5, 9, 10, 8];
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int index = linearSearchArray(nums, target);
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print('目标元素 3 的索引 = $index');
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/* 在链表中执行线性查找 */
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ListNode? head = listToLinkedList(nums);
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ListNode? node = linearSearchList(head, target);
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print('目标节点值 3 的对应节点对象为 $node');
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}
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codes/dart/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort.dart
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codes/dart/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort.dart
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/**
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* File: bucket_sort.dart
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* Created Time: 2023-05-12
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* Author: Jefferson (JeffersonHuang77@gmail.com)
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*/
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/* 桶排序 */
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void bucketSort(List<double> nums) {
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// 初始化 k = n/2 个桶,预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素
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int k = nums.length ~/ 2;
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List<List<double>> buckets = List.generate(k, (index) => []);
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// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中
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for (double num in nums) {
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// 输入数据范围 [0, 1),使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]
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int i = (num * k).toInt();
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// 将 num 添加进桶 bucket_idx
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buckets[i].add(num);
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}
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// 2. 对各个桶执行排序
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for (List<double> bucket in buckets) {
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bucket.sort();
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}
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// 3. 遍历桶合并结果
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int i = 0;
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for (List<double> bucket in buckets) {
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for (double num in bucket) {
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nums[i++] = num;
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}
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}
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}
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/* Driver Code*/
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void main() {
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// 设输入数据为浮点数,范围为 [0, 1)
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final nums = [0.78, 0.17, 0.39, 0.26, 0.72, 0.94, 0.21, 0.12, 0.23, 0.68];
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bucketSort(nums);
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print('桶排序完成后 = $nums');
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}
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codes/dart/chapter_sorting/counting_sort.dart
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codes/dart/chapter_sorting/counting_sort.dart
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/**
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* File: counting_sort.dart
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* Created Time: 2023-05-12
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* Author: Jefferson (JeffersonHuang77@gmail.com)
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*/
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import 'dart:math';
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/* 计数排序 */
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// 简单实现,无法用于排序对象
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void countingSortNaive(List<int> nums) {
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// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m
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int m = 0;
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for (int num in nums) {
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m = max(m, num);
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}
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// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数
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// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数
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List<int> counter = List.filled(m + 1, 0);
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for (int num in nums) {
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counter[num]++;
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}
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// 3. 遍历 counter ,将各元素填入原数组 nums
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int i = 0;
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for (int num = 0; num < m + 1; num++) {
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for (int j = 0; j < counter[num]; j++, i++) {
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nums[i] = num;
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}
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}
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}
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/* 计数排序 */
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// 完整实现,可排序对象,并且是稳定排序
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void countingSort(List<int> nums) {
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// 1. 统计数组最大元素 m
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int m = 0;
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for (int num in nums) {
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m = max(m, num);
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}
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// 2. 统计各数字的出现次数
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// counter[num] 代表 num 的出现次数
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List<int> counter = List.filled(m + 1, 0);
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for (int num in nums) {
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counter[num]++;
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}
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// 3. 求 counter 的前缀和,将“出现次数”转换为“尾索引”
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// 即 counter[num]-1 是 num 在 res 中最后一次出现的索引
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for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
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counter[i + 1] += counter[i];
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}
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// 4. 倒序遍历 nums ,将各元素填入结果数组 res
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// 初始化数组 res 用于记录结果
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int n = nums.length;
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List<int> res = List.filled(n, 0);
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for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
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int num = nums[i];
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res[counter[num] - 1] = num; // 将 num 放置到对应索引处
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counter[num]--; // 令前缀和自减 1 ,得到下次放置 num 的索引
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}
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// 使用结果数组 res 覆盖原数组 nums
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nums.setAll(0, res);
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}
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/* Driver Code*/
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void main() {
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final nums = [1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 4, 0, 2, 2, 4];
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countingSortNaive(nums);
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print('计数排序(无法排序对象)完成后 nums = $nums');
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final nums1 = [1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 4, 0, 2, 2, 4];
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countingSort(nums1);
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print('计数排序完成后 nums1 = $nums1');
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}
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return 'ListNode{val: $val, next: $next}';
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}
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}
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/* Generate a linked list with a vector */
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ListNode? listToLinkedList(List<int> list) {
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ListNode dum = ListNode(0);
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ListNode? head = dum;
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for (int val in list) {
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head?.next = ListNode(val);
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head = head?.next;
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}
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return dum.next;
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}
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