diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.py b/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.py
index ae006db4..e51835d4 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-11-25
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode, print_linked_list
 
 
 def insert(n0: ListNode, P: ListNode):
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.py b/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.py
index 468f2a08..b9ad6d35 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     for i in range(len(nums)):
         tmp.append(nums[i])
     print(f"\n通过索引遍历列表得到 tmp = {tmp}")
-    
+
     tmp.clear()
     for num in nums:
         tmp.append(num)
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_i.py b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_i.py
index d5c29d6c..6cca9101 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_i.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_i.py
@@ -4,11 +4,6 @@ Created Time: 2023-04-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
-
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
-
 
 def backtrack(
     state: list[int], choices: list[int], selected: list[bool], res: list[list[int]]
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_ii.py b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_ii.py
index fac0b37e..aaaffc68 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_ii.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/permutations_ii.py
@@ -4,11 +4,6 @@ Created Time: 2023-04-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
-
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
-
 
 def backtrack(
     state: list[int], choices: list[int], selected: list[bool], res: list[list[int]]
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_i_compact.py b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_i_compact.py
index f2d7177e..48a2f160 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_i_compact.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_i_compact.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-04-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree, list_to_tree
 
 
 def pre_order(root: TreeNode):
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py
index 27bf00ba..9ef1ab6f 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_ii_compact.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-04-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree, list_to_tree
 
 
 def pre_order(root: TreeNode):
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py
index dac756c7..22c55a8a 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_compact.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-04-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree, list_to_tree
 
 
 def pre_order(root: TreeNode):
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_template.py b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_template.py
index ef5466a4..10a88c03 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_template.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_backtracking/preorder_traversal_iii_template.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-04-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree, list_to_tree
 
 
 def is_solution(state: list[TreeNode]) -> bool:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.py b/codes/python/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.py
index 6b4cb90b..3080fd72 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-11-25
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode, TreeNode, print_tree
 
 
 def function() -> int:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.py b/codes/python/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.py
index 970f1d4a..56f43702 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_divide_and_conquer/build_tree.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-07-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree
 
 
 def dfs(
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.py b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.py
index db8e534b..3d44998d 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_list.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-02-23
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import Vertex, vals_to_vets
 
 
 class GraphAdjList:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.py b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.py
index a91ae21f..7c6f44fc 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_adjacency_matrix.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-02-23
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import Vertex, print_matrix
 
 
 class GraphAdjMat:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.py b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.py
index 24ad250c..a44a849b 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-02-23
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import Vertex, vals_to_vets, vets_to_vals
 from collections import deque
 from graph_adjacency_list import GraphAdjList
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.py b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.py
index 3acd74ac..2d8de8c3 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-02-23
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import Vertex, vets_to_vals, vals_to_vets
 from graph_adjacency_list import GraphAdjList
 
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/built_in_hash.py b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/built_in_hash.py
index bdb0b1e3..5ca5b4f8 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/built_in_hash.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/built_in_hash.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-06-15
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode
 
 """Driver Code"""
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map.py b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map.py
index b9f52e3d..c1b1472c 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-14
 Author: msk397 (machangxinq@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import print_dict
 
 """Driver Code"""
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.py b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.py
index 1358650b..964de79e 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_chaining.py
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ Created Time: 2023-06-13
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
 from chapter_hashing.array_hash_map import Pair
 
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.py b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.py
index 47585903..31d46e3d 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_hashing/hash_map_open_addressing.py
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ Created Time: 2023-06-13
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
 from chapter_hashing.array_hash_map import Pair
 
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_heap/heap.py b/codes/python/chapter_heap/heap.py
index 22a3362e..cf179d8a 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_heap/heap.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_heap/heap.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-02-23
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import print_heap
 
 import heapq
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_heap/my_heap.py b/codes/python/chapter_heap/my_heap.py
index 32f62b8d..2072a6cd 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_heap/my_heap.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_heap/my_heap.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-02-23
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import print_heap
 
 
 class MaxHeap:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_heap/top_k.py b/codes/python/chapter_heap/top_k.py
index 5c6cae71..fea1c879 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_heap/top_k.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_heap/top_k.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-06-10
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import print_heap
 
 import heapq
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.py b/codes/python/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.py
index 55ae9b8a..5e4589a4 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_searching/binary_search_edge.py
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ Created Time: 2023-08-04
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
 from binary_search_insertion import binary_search_insertion
 
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_searching/hashing_search.py b/codes/python/chapter_searching/hashing_search.py
index cdcb9957..ae5c38b0 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_searching/hashing_search.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_searching/hashing_search.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-11-26
 Author: timi (xisunyy@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode, list_to_linked_list
 
 
 def hashing_search_array(hmap: dict[int, int], target: int) -> int:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_searching/linear_search.py b/codes/python/chapter_searching/linear_search.py
index 2ddb75a4..fb449e7b 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_searching/linear_search.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_searching/linear_search.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-11-26
 Author: timi (xisunyy@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode, list_to_linked_list
 
 
 def linear_search_array(nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.py b/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.py
index 6f096133..42f227c1 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-01
 Author: Peng Chen (pengchzn@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode
 
 
 class LinkedListQueue:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.py b/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.py
index ceb12c80..51ef7868 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-11-29
 Author: Peng Chen (pengchzn@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import ListNode
 
 
 class LinkedListStack:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.py
index 8b2a465e..0073a51a 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2023-07-19
 Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, list_to_tree, print_tree
 
 
 class ArrayBinaryTree:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/avl_tree.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/avl_tree.py
index 51932c45..6f477c1f 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/avl_tree.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/avl_tree.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-20
 Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree
 
 
 class AVLTree:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py
index 20ac6a82..d339bf8f 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-20
 Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree
 
 
 class BinarySearchTree:
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree.py
index 3539432d..a007e419 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-20
 Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, print_tree
 
 
 """Driver Code"""
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_bfs.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_bfs.py
index e6c78c94..d75b1f68 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_bfs.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_bfs.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-20
 Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, list_to_tree, print_tree
 from collections import deque
 
 
diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.py
index 3bcef854..9b3488ad 100644
--- a/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.py
+++ b/codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.py
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@ Created Time: 2022-12-20
 Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
 """
 
-import sys, os.path as osp
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
 
-sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
-from modules import *
+sys.path.append(str(Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+from modules import TreeNode, list_to_tree, print_tree
 
 
 def pre_order(root: TreeNode | None):