Format the C code in Clang-Format Style: Microsoft

codes/c/.gitignore

@@ -5,3 +5,5 @@
 # Unignore all dirs
 !*/
 *.dSYM/
+
+build/

codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.c

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "../include/include.h"
 
 /* 随机返回一个数组元素 */
-int randomAccess(int* nums, int size) {
+int randomAccess(int *nums, int size) {
     // 在区间 [0, size) 中随机抽取一个数字
     int randomIndex = rand() % size;
     // 获取并返回随机元素
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ int randomAccess(int* nums, int size) {
 }
 
 /* 扩展数组长度 */
-int* extend(int* nums, int size, int enlarge) {
+int *extend(int *nums, int size, int enlarge) {
     // 初始化一个扩展长度后的数组
-    int* res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (size + enlarge));
+    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * (size + enlarge));
     // 将原数组中的所有元素复制到新数组
     for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         res[i] = nums[i];
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ int* extend(int* nums, int size, int enlarge) {
 }
 
 /* 在数组的索引 index 处插入元素 num */
-void insert(int* nums, int size, int num, int index) {
+void insert(int *nums, int size, int num, int index) {
     // 把索引 index 以及之后的所有元素向后移动一位
     for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) {
         nums[i] = nums[i - 1];
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void insert(int* nums, int size, int num, int index) {
 }
 
 /* 删除索引 index 处元素 */
-void removeItem(int* nums, int size, int index) {
+void removeItem(int *nums, int size, int index) {
     // 把索引 index 之后的所有元素向前移动一位
     for (int i = index; i < size - 1; i++) {
         nums[i] = nums[i + 1];
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ void removeItem(int* nums, int size, int index) {
 }
 
 /* 遍历数组 */
-void traverse(int* nums, int size) {
+void traverse(int *nums, int size) {
     int count = 0;
     // 通过索引遍历数组
     for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ void traverse(int* nums, int size) {
 }
 
 /* 在数组中查找指定元素 */
-int find(int* nums, int size, int target) {
+int find(int *nums, int size, int target) {
     for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         if (nums[i] == target)
             return i;
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@ int find(int* nums, int size, int target) {
     return -1;
 }
 
-
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化数组 */
@@ -76,7 +75,7 @@ int main() {
     printf("数组 arr = ");
     printArray(arr, size);
 
-    int nums[5] = { 1, 3, 2, 5, 4 };
+    int nums[5] = {1, 3, 2, 5, 4};
     printf("数组 nums = ");
     printArray(nums, size);
 
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ int main() {
 
     /* 长度扩展 */
     int enlarge = 3;
-    int* res = extend(nums, size, enlarge);
+    int *res = extend(nums, size, enlarge);
     size += enlarge;
     printf("将数组长度扩展至 8 ，得到 nums = ");
     printArray(res, size);

codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.c

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "../include/include.h"
 
 /* 在链表的节点 n0 之后插入节点 P */
-void insert(ListNode* n0, ListNode* P) {
+void insert(ListNode *n0, ListNode *P) {
     ListNode *n1 = n0->next;
     P->next = n1;
     n0->next = P;
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ void insert(ListNode* n0, ListNode* P) {
 /* 删除链表的节点 n0 之后的首个节点 */
 // 由于引入了 stdio.h ，此处无法使用 remove 关键词
 // 详见 https://github.com/krahets/hello-algo/pull/244#discussion_r1067863888
-void removeNode(ListNode* n0) {
+void removeNode(ListNode *n0) {
     if (!n0->next)
         return;
     // n0 -> P -> n1
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ void removeNode(ListNode* n0) {
 }
 
 /* 访问链表中索引为 index 的节点 */
-ListNode* access(ListNode* head, int index) {
+ListNode *access(ListNode *head, int index) {
     while (head && head->next && index) {
         head = head->next;
         index--;
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ ListNode* access(ListNode* head, int index) {
 }
 
 /* 在链表中查找值为 target 的首个节点 */
-int find(ListNode* head, int target) {
+int find(ListNode *head, int target) {
     int index = 0;
     while (head) {
         if (head->val == target)
@@ -48,16 +48,15 @@ int find(ListNode* head, int target) {
     return -1;
 }
 
-
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化链表 */
     // 初始化各个节点
-    ListNode* n0 = newListNode(1);
+    ListNode *n0 = newListNode(1);
-    ListNode* n1 = newListNode(3);
+    ListNode *n1 = newListNode(3);
-    ListNode* n2 = newListNode(2);
+    ListNode *n2 = newListNode(2);
-    ListNode* n3 = newListNode(5);
+    ListNode *n3 = newListNode(5);
-    ListNode* n4 = newListNode(4);
+    ListNode *n4 = newListNode(4);
     // 构建引用指向
     n0->next = n1;
     n1->next = n2;
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ int main() {
     printLinkedList(n0);
 
     /* 访问节点 */
-    ListNode* node = access(n0, 3);
+    ListNode *node = access(n0, 3);
     printf("链表中索引 3 处的节点的值 = %d\r\n", node->val);
 
     /* 查找节点 */

codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.c

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ int removeNum(myList *list, int index) {
 void extendCapacity(myList *list) {
     // 先分配空间
     int newCapacity = capacity(list) * list->extendRatio;
-    int *extend = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * newCapacity);
+    int *extend = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * newCapacity);
     int *temp = list->nums;
 
     // 拷贝旧数据到新数据
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ int *toArray(myList *list) {
     return list->nums;
 }
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化列表 */
     myList *list = newMyList();
@@ -157,4 +158,6 @@ int main() {
 
     /* 释放分配内存 */
     delMyList(list);
+
+    return 0;
 }

codes/c/chapter_binary_search/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1 +1 @@
-add_executable(linear_search linear_search.c)
+add_executable(binary_search binary_search.c)

codes/c/chapter_binary_search/binary_search.c

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ int binarySearch1(int *nums, int len, int target) {
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     int target = 6;
-    int nums[10] = { 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 23, 67, 70, 92 };
+    int nums[10] = {1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 15, 23, 67, 70, 92};
 
     /* 二分查找（双闭区间） */
     int index = binarySearch(nums, 10, target);

codes/c/chapter_computational_complexity/space_complexity.c

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ void constant(int n) {
     const int a = 0;
     int b = 0;
     int nums[1000];
-    ListNode* node = newListNode(0);
+    ListNode *node = newListNode(0);
     free(node);
     // 循环中的变量占用 O(1) 空间
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ typedef struct {
 /* 线性阶 */
 void linear(int n) {
     // 长度为 n 的数组占用 O(n) 空间
-    int *nums = malloc (sizeof(int) * n);
+    int *nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
     free(nums);
 
     // 长度为 n 的列表占用 O(n) 空间
-    ListNode** nodes = malloc(sizeof(ListNode *) * n);
+    ListNode **nodes = malloc(sizeof(ListNode *) * n);
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
         nodes[i] = newListNode(i);
     }
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ void linear(int n) {
     hashTable *h = NULL;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        hashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof (hashTable));
+        hashTable *tmp = malloc(sizeof(hashTable));
         tmp->key = i;
         sprintf(tmp->val, "%d", i);
         HASH_ADD_INT(h, key, tmp);
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ void linearRecur(int n) {
 /* 平方阶 */
 void quadratic(int n) {
     // 二维列表占用 O(n^2) 空间
-    int** numMatrix = malloc(sizeof(int *) * n);
+    int **numMatrix = malloc(sizeof(int *) * n);
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
         int *tmp = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
         for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ void quadratic(int n) {
 int quadraticRecur(int n) {
     if (n <= 0)
         return 0;
-    int* nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
+    int *nums = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
     printf("递归 n = %d 中的 nums 长度 = %d\r\n", n, n);
     free(nums);
     return quadraticRecur(n - 1);

codes/c/chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity.c

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ int constant(int n) {
     int size = 100000;
     int i = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-        count ++;
+        count++;
     }
     return count;
 }
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ int constant(int n) {
 int linear(int n) {
     int count = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        count ++;
+        count++;
     }
     return count;
 }
@@ -31,19 +31,18 @@ int arrayTraversal(int *nums, int n) {
     int count = 0;
     // 循环次数与数组长度成正比
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        count ++;
+        count++;
     }
     return count;
 }
 
 /* 平方阶 */
-int quadratic(int n) 
+int quadratic(int n) {
-{
     int count = 0;
     // 循环次数与数组长度成平方关系
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
         for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
-            count ++;
+            count++;
         }
     }
     return count;
@@ -85,7 +84,8 @@ int exponential(int n) {
 
 /* 指数阶（递归实现） */
 int expRecur(int n) {
-    if (n == 1) return 1;
+    if (n == 1)
+        return 1;
     return expRecur(n - 1) + expRecur(n - 1) + 1;
 }
 
@@ -101,24 +101,26 @@ int logarithmic(float n) {
 
 /* 对数阶（递归实现） */
 int logRecur(float n) {
-    if (n <= 1) return 0;
+    if (n <= 1)
+        return 0;
     return logRecur(n / 2) + 1;
 }
 
 /* 线性对数阶 */
 int linearLogRecur(float n) {
-    if (n <= 1) return 1;
+    if (n <= 1)
-    int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) +
+        return 1;
-                linearLogRecur(n / 2);
+    int count = linearLogRecur(n / 2) + linearLogRecur(n / 2);
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        count ++;
+        count++;
     }
     return count;
 }
 
 /* 阶乘阶（递归实现） */
 int factorialRecur(int n) {
-    if (n == 0) return 1;
+    if (n == 0)
+        return 1;
     int count = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
         count += factorialRecur(n - 1);
@@ -172,5 +174,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         nums = NULL;
     }
     getchar();
+
     return 0;
 }

codes/c/chapter_computational_complexity/worst_best_time_complexity.c

@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ int findOne(int *nums, int n) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
         // 当元素 1 在数组头部时，达到最佳时间复杂度 O(1)
         // 当元素 1 在数组尾部时，达到最差时间复杂度 O(n)
-        if (nums[i] == 1) return i;
+        if (nums[i] == 1)
+            return i;
     }
     return -1;
 }
@@ -51,5 +52,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
             nums = NULL;
         }
     }
+
     return 0;
 }

codes/c/chapter_heap/my_heap.c

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ void siftUp(maxHeap *h, int i);
 /* 构造方法，根据切片建堆 */
 maxHeap *newMaxHeap(int nums[], int size) {
     // 所有元素入堆
-    maxHeap *h = (maxHeap *) malloc(sizeof(maxHeap));
+    maxHeap *h = (maxHeap *)malloc(sizeof(maxHeap));
     h->size = size;
     memcpy(h->data, nums, size * sizeof(int));
     for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ int parent(maxHeap *h, int i) {
 }
 
 /* 交换元素 */
-int swap(maxHeap *h, int i, int j) {
+void swap(maxHeap *h, int i, int j) {
     int temp = h->data[i];
     h->data[i] = h->data[j];
     h->data[j] = temp;
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ int peek(maxHeap *h) {
 }
 
 /* 元素入堆 */
-int push(maxHeap *h, int val) {
+void push(maxHeap *h, int val) {
     // 默认情况下，不应该添加这么多节点
     if (h->size == MAX_SIZE) {
         printf("heap is full!");
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ int pop(maxHeap *h) {
     return val;
 }
 
-
 /* 从节点 i 开始，从顶至底堆化 */
 void siftDown(maxHeap *h, int i) {
     while (true) {
@@ -145,6 +144,7 @@ void siftUp(maxHeap *h, int i) {
     }
 }
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化堆 */
     // 初始化大顶堆

codes/c/chapter_searching/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,2 +1 @@
-add_executable(binary_search binary_search.c)
 add_executable(leetcode_two_sum leetcode_two_sum.c)

codes/c/chapter_searching/hashing_search.c

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 /* 哈希表 */
 struct hashTable {
     int key;           // key 为 int 型
-    void* val;  // val 为 void * 型
+    void *val;         // val 为 void * 型
     UT_hash_handle hh; // 借助 uthash 实现的哈希表
 };
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ void printHashTableLinklist(hashTable **ht) {
 }
 
 /* 哈希表查找 */
-hashTable* find(hashTable *ht, int k) {
+hashTable *find(hashTable *ht, int k) {
     hashTable *s;
     HASH_FIND_INT(ht, &k, s);
     return s;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ void addInt(hashTable **ht, int k, int v) {
     hashTable *s;
     HASH_FIND_INT(*ht, &k, s);
     if (s == NULL) {
-        s = malloc (sizeof(*s));
+        s = malloc(sizeof(*s));
         s->key = k;
         HASH_ADD_INT(*ht, key, s);
     }
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ void addInt(hashTable **ht, int k, int v) {
 }
 
 /* 添加 k、v 到哈希表 ht 中，v 为 ListNode* 类型 */
-void addLinkNode(hashTable **ht, int k, ListNode* v) {
+void addLinkNode(hashTable **ht, int k, ListNode *v) {
     hashTable *s;
     HASH_FIND_INT(*ht, &k, s);
     if (s == NULL) {
-        s = malloc (sizeof(*s));
+        s = malloc(sizeof(*s));
         s->key = k;
         HASH_ADD_INT(*ht, key, s);
     }
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ void deleteAll(hashTable **ht) {
 /* 通过 key 访问哈希表，返回 int 类型 */
 int accessInt(hashTable **h, int key) {
     hashTable *s;
-    int ret=-1;
+    int ret = -1;
     if (s = find(*h, key)) {
         ret = *(int *)s->val;
     }
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ int accessInt(hashTable **h, int key) {
 }
 
 /* 通过 key 访问哈希表，返回 ListNode* 类型 */
-ListNode* accessLinkNode(hashTable **h, int key) {
+ListNode *accessLinkNode(hashTable **h, int key) {
     hashTable *s;
-    ListNode *res=NULL;
+    ListNode *res = NULL;
     if (s = find(*h, key)) {
         res = (ListNode *)s->val;
     }
@@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ int main() {
     /* 哈希查找（数组） */
     int nums[] = {1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 7, 5, 9, 10, 8};
     // 初始化哈希表
-    hashTable** ht = malloc(sizeof(*ht));
+    hashTable **ht = malloc(sizeof(*ht));
     *ht = NULL;
-    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(nums)/sizeof(nums[0]); i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(nums) / sizeof(nums[0]); i++) {
         addInt(ht, nums[i], i); // key: 元素，value: 索引
     }
     int index = hashingSearchArray(ht, target);
@@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ int main() {
     deleteAll(ht);
 
     /* 哈希查找（链表） */
-    ListNode *head = arrToLinkedList(nums, sizeof(nums)/sizeof(nums[0]));
+    ListNode *head = arrToLinkedList(nums, sizeof(nums) / sizeof(nums[0]));
     // 初始化哈希表
-    hashTable** ht1 = malloc(sizeof(*ht));
+    hashTable **ht1 = malloc(sizeof(*ht));
     *ht1 = NULL;
 
     while (head != NULL) {

codes/c/chapter_searching/leetcode_two_sum.c

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ int *twoSumHashTable(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize) {
     return NULL;
 }
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     // ======= Test Case =======
     int nums[] = {2, 7, 11, 15};

codes/c/chapter_searching/linear_search.c

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ int linearSearchArray(int *nums, int len, int target) {
 }
 
 /* 线性查找（链表） */
-ListNode* linearSearchLinkedList(ListNode* head, int target) {
+ListNode *linearSearchLinkedList(ListNode *head, int target) {
     // 遍历链表
     while (head != NULL) {
         // 找到目标节点，返回之
@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@ int main() {
     int target = 3;
 
     /* 在数组中执行线性查找 */
-    int nums[10] = { 1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 7, 5, 9, 10, 8 };
+    int nums[10] = {1, 5, 3, 2, 4, 7, 5, 9, 10, 8};
     int index = linearSearchArray(nums, 10, target);
     printf("目标元素 3 的索引 = %d\n", index);
 
     /* 在链表中执行线性查找 */
-    ListNode* head = arrToLinkedList(nums, 10);
+    ListNode *head = arrToLinkedList(nums, 10);
-    ListNode* node = linearSearchLinkedList(head, target);
+    ListNode *node = linearSearchLinkedList(head, target);
-    if(node == NULL) {
+    if (node == NULL) {
         printf("目标节点值 3 的对应节点对象为 NULL\n");
     } else {
         printf("目标节点值 3 的对应节点对象为 addr: %p val: %d\n", node, node->val);

codes/c/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort.c

@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 #include "../include/include.h"
 
 /* 冒泡排序 */
-void bucketSort(double nums[], int size)
+void bucketSort(double nums[], int size) {
-{
     // 初始化 k = n/2 个桶，预期向每个桶分配 2 个元素
     int k = size / 2;
     // 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中
@@ -23,18 +22,13 @@ void bucketSort(double nums[], int size)
 }
 
 /* Driver Code */
-int main()
+int main() {
-{
     // 设输入数据为浮点数，范围为 [0, 1)
     double nums[] = {0.49, 0.96, 0.82, 0.09, 0.57, 0.43, 0.91, 0.75, 0.15, 0.37};
     int size = sizeof(nums) / sizeof(double);
     bucketSort(nums, size);
 
     printf("桶排序完成后 nums = ");
-    printf("[");
+    printArray(nums, size);
-    for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++)
+
-    {
-        printf("%g, ", nums[i]);
-    }
-    printf("]");
 }

codes/c/chapter_sorting/insertion_sort.c

@@ -9,12 +9,10 @@
 /* 插入排序 */
 void insertionSort(int nums[], int size) {
     // 外循环：base = nums[1], nums[2], ..., nums[n-1]
-    for (int i = 1; i < size; i++)
+    for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
-    {
         int base = nums[i], j = i - 1;
         // 内循环：将 base 插入到左边的正确位置
-        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base)
+        while (j >= 0 && nums[j] > base) {
-        {
             // 1. 将 nums[j] 向右移动一位
             nums[j + 1] = nums[j];
             j--;
@@ -29,8 +27,7 @@ int main() {
     int nums[] = {4, 1, 3, 1, 5, 2};
     insertionSort(nums, 6);
     printf("插入排序完成后 nums = ");
-    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
-    {
         printf("%d ", nums[i]);
     }
     printf("\n");

codes/c/chapter_sorting/merge_sort.c

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ void merge(int *nums, int left, int mid, int right) {
     int index;
     // 初始化辅助数组
     int tmp[right + 1 - left];
-    for(index = left; index < right + 1; index++) {
+    for (index = left; index < right + 1; index++) {
         tmp[index - left] = nums[index];
     }
     // 左子数组的起始索引和结束索引
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ void merge(int *nums, int left, int mid, int right) {
 /* 归并排序 */
 void mergeSort(int *nums, int left, int right) {
     // 终止条件
-    if (left >= right) return;       // 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
+    if (left >= right)
+        return; // 当子数组长度为 1 时终止递归
     // 划分阶段
     int mid = (left + right) / 2;    // 计算中点
     mergeSort(nums, left, mid);      // 递归左子数组
@@ -51,10 +52,11 @@ void mergeSort(int *nums, int left, int right) {
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 归并排序 */
-    int nums[] = { 7, 3, 2, 6, 0, 1, 5, 4 };
+    int nums[] = {7, 3, 2, 6, 0, 1, 5, 4};
     int size = sizeof(nums) / sizeof(int);
     mergeSort(nums, 0, size - 1);
     printf("归并排序完成后 nums = ");
     printArray(nums, size);
+
     return 0;
 }

codes/c/chapter_sorting/quick_sort.c

@@ -93,7 +93,6 @@ void quickSortMedian(int nums[], int left, int right) {
     quickSortMedian(nums, pivot + 1, right);
 }
 
-
 /* 快速排序类（尾递归优化） */
 /* 尾递归优化-哨兵划分 */
 int quickSortTailCallPartition(int nums[], int left, int right) {
@@ -110,7 +109,6 @@ int quickSortTailCallPartition(int nums[], int left, int right) {
     return i;            // 返回基准数的索引
 }
 
-
 // 快速排序（尾递归优化）
 void quickSortTailCall(int nums[], int left, int right) {
     // 子数组长度为 1 时终止
@@ -128,7 +126,6 @@ void quickSortTailCall(int nums[], int left, int right) {
     }
 }
 
-
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 快速排序 */

codes/c/chapter_sorting/radix_sort.c

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ int digit(int num, int exp) {
 /* 计数排序（根据 nums 第 k 位排序） */
 void countingSortDigit(int nums[], int size, int exp) {
     // 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ，因此需要长度为 10 的桶
-    int *counter = (int *) malloc((sizeof(int) * 10));
+    int *counter = (int *)malloc((sizeof(int) * 10));
     // 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数
     for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         // 获取 nums[i] 第 k 位，记为 d
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ void countingSortDigit(int nums[], int size, int exp) {
         counter[i] += counter[i - 1];
     }
     // 倒序遍历，根据桶内统计结果，将各元素填入 res
-    int *res = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * size);
+    int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * size);
     for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
         int d = digit(nums[i], exp);
         int j = counter[d] - 1; // 获取 d 在数组中的索引 j
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ void radixSort(int nums[], int size) {
         countingSortDigit(nums, size, exp);
 }
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     // 基数排序
     int nums[] = {10546151, 35663510, 42865989, 34862445, 81883077,

codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_deque.c

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ typedef struct ArrayDeque ArrayDeque;
 
 /* 构造方法 */
 ArrayDeque *newArrayDeque(int capacity) {
-    ArrayDeque *deque = (ArrayDeque *) malloc(sizeof(ArrayDeque));
+    ArrayDeque *deque = (ArrayDeque *)malloc(sizeof(ArrayDeque));
     // 初始化数组
     deque->queCapacity = capacity;
-    deque->nums = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * deque->queCapacity);
+    deque->nums = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * deque->queCapacity);
     deque->front = deque->queSize = 0;
     return deque;
 }
@@ -122,7 +122,6 @@ void printArrayDeque(ArrayDeque *deque) {
     printArray(arr, deque->queSize);
 }
 
-
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化队列 */

codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_queue.c

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ typedef struct ArrayQueue ArrayQueue;
 
 /* 构造方法 */
 ArrayQueue *newArrayQueue(int capacity) {
-    ArrayQueue *queue = (ArrayQueue *) malloc(sizeof(ArrayQueue));
+    ArrayQueue *queue = (ArrayQueue *)malloc(sizeof(ArrayQueue));
     // 初始化数组
     queue->queCapacity = capacity;
-    queue->nums = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * queue->queCapacity);
+    queue->nums = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * queue->queCapacity);
     queue->front = queue->queSize = 0;
     return queue;
 }
@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@ void printArrayQueue(ArrayQueue *queue) {
     printArray(arr, queue->queSize);
 }
 
-
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化队列 */

codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/array_stack.c

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ int pop(arrayStack *s) {
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化栈 */
-    arrayStack * stack = newArrayStack();
+    arrayStack *stack = newArrayStack();
 
     /* 元素入栈 */
     push(stack, 1);

codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_deque.c

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ typedef struct DoublyListNode DoublyListNode;
 
 /* 双向链表节点构造方法 */
 DoublyListNode *newDoublyListNode(int num) {
-    DoublyListNode* new = (DoublyListNode *) malloc(sizeof(DoublyListNode));
+    DoublyListNode *new = (DoublyListNode *)malloc(sizeof(DoublyListNode));
     new->val = num;
     new->next = NULL;
     new->prev = NULL;
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ typedef struct LinkedListDeque LinkedListDeque;
 
 /* 构造方法 */
 LinkedListDeque *newLinkedListDeque() {
-    LinkedListDeque *deque = (LinkedListDeque *) malloc(sizeof(LinkedListDeque));
+    LinkedListDeque *deque = (LinkedListDeque *)malloc(sizeof(LinkedListDeque));
     deque->front = NULL;
     deque->rear = NULL;
     deque->queSize = 0;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ LinkedListDeque *newLinkedListDeque() {
 /* 析构方法 */
 void delLinkedListdeque(LinkedListDeque *deque) {
     // 释放所有节点
-    for (int i=0; i<deque->queSize && deque->front != NULL; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < deque->queSize && deque->front != NULL; i++) {
         DoublyListNode *tmp = deque->front;
         deque->front = deque->front->next;
         free(tmp);
@@ -75,11 +75,11 @@ void push(LinkedListDeque *deque, int num, bool isFront) {
         deque->front = deque->rear = node;
     }
     // 队首入队操作
-    else if (isFront){
+    else if (isFront) {
         // 将 node 添加至链表头部
         deque->front->prev = node;
         node->next = deque->front;
-        deque->front = node;// 更新头节点
+        deque->front = node; // 更新头节点
     }
     // 对尾入队操作
     else {
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ int pop(LinkedListDeque *deque, bool isFront) {
         return -1;
     int val;
     // 队首出队操作
-    if(isFront) {
+    if (isFront) {
         val = peekFirst(deque); // 暂存头节点值
         DoublyListNode *fNext = deque->front->next;
         if (fNext) {
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ void printLinkedListDeque(LinkedListDeque *deque) {
     // 拷贝链表中的数据到数组
     int i;
     DoublyListNode *node;
-    for (i=0, node = deque->front; i < deque->queSize; i++){
+    for (i = 0, node = deque->front; i < deque->queSize; i++) {
         arr[i] = node->val;
         node = node->next;
     }
@@ -211,4 +211,3 @@ int main() {
     delLinkedListdeque(deque);
     return 0;
 }
-

codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_queue.c

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ typedef struct LinkedListQueue LinkedListQueue;
 
 /* 构造方法 */
 LinkedListQueue *newLinkedListQueue() {
-    LinkedListQueue *queue = (LinkedListQueue *) malloc(sizeof(LinkedListQueue));
+    LinkedListQueue *queue = (LinkedListQueue *)malloc(sizeof(LinkedListQueue));
     queue->front = NULL;
     queue->rear = NULL;
     queue->queSize = 0;
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ LinkedListQueue *newLinkedListQueue() {
 /* 析构方法 */
 void delLinkedListQueue(LinkedListQueue *queue) {
     // 释放所有节点
-    for (int i=0; i<queue->queSize && queue->front != NULL; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < queue->queSize && queue->front != NULL; i++) {
         ListNode *tmp = queue->front;
         queue->front = queue->front->next;
         free(tmp);
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ void printLinkedListQueue(LinkedListQueue *queue) {
     // 拷贝链表中的数据到数组
     int i;
     ListNode *node;
-    for (i=0, node = queue->front; i < queue->queSize && queue->front != queue->rear; i++){
+    for (i = 0, node = queue->front; i < queue->queSize && queue->front != queue->rear; i++) {
         arr[i] = node->val;
         node = node->next;
     }
@@ -125,4 +125,3 @@ int main() {
 
     return 0;
 }
-

codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_stack.c

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ int peek(linkedListStack *s) {
 /* 入栈 */
 void push(linkedListStack *s, int num) {
     assert(s);
-    ListNode *node = (ListNode *) malloc(sizeof(ListNode));
+    ListNode *node = (ListNode *)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));
     node->next = s->top; // 更新新加节点指针域
     node->val = num;     // 更新新加节点数据域
     s->top = node;       // 更新栈顶

codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.c

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ typedef struct binarySearchTree binarySearchTree;
 
 int sortIntHelper(const void *a, const void *b) {
     // 从小到大排序
-    return (*(int *) a - *(int *) b);
+    return (*(int *)a - *(int *)b);
 }
 
 /* 构建二叉搜索树 */
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ TreeNode *buildTree(int nums[], int i, int j) {
 }
 
 binarySearchTree *newBinarySearchTree(int nums[], int size) {
-    binarySearchTree *bst = (binarySearchTree *) malloc(sizeof(binarySearchTree));
+    binarySearchTree *bst = (binarySearchTree *)malloc(sizeof(binarySearchTree));
     TreeNode *root;
     // 从小到大排序数组
     qsort(nums, size, sizeof(int), sortIntHelper);
@@ -108,7 +108,8 @@ void removeNode(binarySearchTree *bst, int num) {
     // 循环查找，越过叶节点后跳出
     while (cur != NULL) {
         // 找到待删除节点，跳出循环
-        if (cur->val == num) break;
+        if (cur->val == num)
+            break;
         pre = cur;
         if (cur->val < num) {
             // 待删除节点在 root 的右子树中
@@ -159,13 +160,11 @@ int main() {
     TreeNode *node = search(bst, 7);
     printf("查找到的节点对象的节点值 = %d\n", node->val);
 
-
     /* 插入节点 */
     insert(bst, 16);
     printf("插入节点 16 后，二叉树为\n");
     printTree(getRoot(bst));
 
-
     /* 删除节点 */
     removeNode(bst, 1);
     printf("删除节点 1 后，二叉树为\n");

codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_tree.c

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
 int main() {
     /* 初始化二叉树 */
     // 初始化节点
-    TreeNode* n1 = newTreeNode(1);
+    TreeNode *n1 = newTreeNode(1);
-    TreeNode* n2 = newTreeNode(2);
+    TreeNode *n2 = newTreeNode(2);
-    TreeNode* n3 = newTreeNode(3);
+    TreeNode *n3 = newTreeNode(3);
-    TreeNode* n4 = newTreeNode(4);
+    TreeNode *n4 = newTreeNode(4);
-    TreeNode* n5 = newTreeNode(5);
+    TreeNode *n5 = newTreeNode(5);
     // 构建引用指向（即指针）
     n1->left = n2;
     n1->right = n3;
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ int main() {
     printTree(n1);
 
     /* 插入与删除节点 */
-    TreeNode* P = newTreeNode(0);
+    TreeNode *P = newTreeNode(0);
     // 在 n1 -> n2 中间插入节点 P
     n1->left = P;
     P->left = n2;

codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_tree_bfs.c

@@ -15,14 +15,14 @@ int *levelOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {
     TreeNode **queue;
 
     /* 辅助队列 */
-    queue = (TreeNode **) malloc(sizeof(TreeNode) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);
+    queue = (TreeNode **)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);
     // 队列指针
     front = 0, rear = 0;
     // 加入根节点
     queue[rear++] = root;
     // 初始化一个列表，用于保存遍历序列
     /* 辅助数组 */
-    arr = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);
+    arr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);
     // 数组指针
     index = 0;
     while (front < rear) {
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ int *levelOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {
     return arr;
 }
 
-
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化二叉树 */

codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_tree_dfs.c

@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ int *arr;
 
 /* 前序遍历 */
 void preOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {
-    if (root == NULL) return;
+    if (root == NULL)
+        return;
     // 访问优先级：根节点 -> 左子树 -> 右子树
     arr[(*size)++] = root->val;
     preOrder(root->left, size);
@@ -20,7 +21,8 @@ void preOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {
 
 /* 中序遍历 */
 void inOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {
-    if (root == NULL) return;
+    if (root == NULL)
+        return;
     // 访问优先级：左子树 -> 根节点 -> 右子树
     inOrder(root->left, size);
     arr[(*size)++] = root->val;
@@ -29,14 +31,14 @@ void inOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {
 
 /* 后序遍历 */
 void postOrder(TreeNode *root, int *size) {
-    if (root == NULL) return;
+    if (root == NULL)
+        return;
     // 访问优先级：左子树 -> 右子树 -> 根节点
     postOrder(root->left, size);
     postOrder(root->right, size);
     arr[(*size)++] = root->val;
 }
 
-
 /* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化二叉树 */
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ int main() {
 
     /* 前序遍历 */
     // 初始化辅助数组
-    arr = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);
+    arr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);
     size = 0;
     preOrder(root, &size);
     printf("前序遍历的节点打印序列 = ");

codes/c/include/include.h

@@ -7,16 +7,16 @@
 #ifndef C_INCLUDE_H
 #define C_INCLUDE_H
 
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <time.h>
-#include <assert.h>
 
 #include "list_node.h"
-#include "tree_node.h"
 #include "print_util.h"
+#include "tree_node.h"
 
 // hash table lib
 #include "uthash.h"

codes/c/include/list_node.h

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ typedef struct ListNode ListNode;
 /* 构造函数，初始化一个新节点 */
 ListNode *newListNode(int val) {
     ListNode *node, *next;
-    node = (ListNode *) malloc(sizeof(ListNode));
+    node = (ListNode *)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));
     node->val = val;
     node->next = NULL;
     return node;

codes/c/include/print_util.h

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 #define PRINT_UTIL_H
 
 #include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #include "list_node.h"
 #include "tree_node.h"
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-
 /**
  * @brief Print an Array
  *
@@ -69,9 +68,9 @@ struct Trunk {
 typedef struct Trunk Trunk;
 
 Trunk *newTrunk(Trunk *prev, char *str) {
-    Trunk *trunk = (Trunk *) malloc(sizeof(Trunk));
+    Trunk *trunk = (Trunk *)malloc(sizeof(Trunk));
     trunk->prev = prev;
-    trunk->str = (char *) malloc(sizeof(char) * 10);
+    trunk->str = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * 10);
     strcpy(trunk->str, str);
     return trunk;
 }
@@ -146,7 +145,6 @@ static void printHeap(int arr[], int size) {
     printTree(root);
 }
 
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

codes/c/include/tree_node.h

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
  * Author: Reanon (793584285@qq.com)
  */
 
-
 #ifndef TREE_NODE_H
 #define TREE_NODE_H
 
@@ -24,11 +23,10 @@ struct TreeNode {
 
 typedef struct TreeNode TreeNode;
 
-
 TreeNode *newTreeNode(int val) {
     TreeNode *node;
 
-    node = (TreeNode *) malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
+    node = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode));
     node->val = val;
     node->height = 0;
     node->left = NULL;
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ TreeNode *arrToTree(const int *arr, size_t size) {
     /* 根节点 */
     root = newTreeNode(arr[0]);
     /* 辅助队列 */
-    queue = (TreeNode **) malloc(sizeof(TreeNode) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);
+    queue = (TreeNode **)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);
     // 队列指针
     front = 0, rear = 0;
     // 将根节点放入队尾
@@ -83,7 +81,6 @@ TreeNode *arrToTree(const int *arr, size_t size) {
     return root;
 }
 
-
 /**
  * @brief Generate a binary tree with an array
  *
@@ -100,13 +97,13 @@ int *treeToArr(TreeNode *root) {
     TreeNode *node;
     TreeNode **queue;
     /* 辅助队列 */
-    queue = (TreeNode **) malloc(sizeof(TreeNode) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);
+    queue = (TreeNode **)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);
     // 队列指针
     front = 0, rear = 0;
     // 将根节点放入队尾
     queue[rear++] = root;
     /* 辅助数组 */
-    arr = (int *) malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);
+    arr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int) * MAX_NODE_SIZE);
     // 数组指针
     index = 0;
     while (front < rear) {

codes/cpp/chapter_backtracking/backtrack_find_constrained_paths.cpp

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ void backtrack(vector<TreeNode *> &state, vector<TreeNode *> &choices, vector<ve
     }
 }
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     TreeNode *root = vecToTree(vector<int>{1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
     cout << "\n初始化二叉树" << endl;

codes/cpp/chapter_backtracking/preorder_find_constrained_paths.cpp

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ static void preOrder(TreeNode *root) {
     path.pop_back();
 }
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     TreeNode *root = vecToTree(vector<int>{1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
     cout << "\n初始化二叉树" << endl;

codes/cpp/chapter_backtracking/preorder_find_nodes.cpp

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ static void preOrder(TreeNode *root) {
     preOrder(root->right);
 }
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     TreeNode *root = vecToTree(vector<int>{1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
     cout << "\n初始化二叉树" << endl;

codes/cpp/chapter_backtracking/preorder_find_paths.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ static void preOrder(TreeNode *root) {
     path.pop_back();
 }
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     TreeNode *root = vecToTree(vector<int>{1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7});
     cout << "\n初始化二叉树" << endl;

codes/cpp/chapter_heap/heap.cpp

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ void testPop(priority_queue<int> &heap) {
     printHeap(heap);
 }
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     /* 初始化堆 */
     // 初始化小顶堆

codes/cpp/chapter_searching/leetcode_two_sum.cpp

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ vector<int> twoSumHashTable(vector<int> &nums, int target) {
     return {};
 }
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
     // ======= Test Case =======
     vector<int> nums = {2, 7, 11, 15};

codes/dart/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.dart

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * Author: Jefferson (JeffersonHuang77@gmail.com)
  */
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
   /* 初始化列表 */
   List<int> list = [1,3,2,5,4];

codes/dart/chapter_computational_complexity/time_complexity.dart

@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ int factorialRecur(int n) {
   return count;
 }
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
   // 可以修改 n 运行，体会一下各种复杂度的操作数量变化趋势
   int n = 8;

codes/dart/chapter_computational_complexity/worst_best_time_complexity.dart

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ int findOne(List<int> nums) {
   return -1;
 }
 
+/* Driver Code */
 int main() {
   for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
     int n = 100;

codes/javascript/chapter_computational_complexity/worst_best_time_complexity.js

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/*
+/**
  * File: worst_best_time_complexity.js
  * Created Time: 2023-01-05
  * Author: RiverTwilight (contact@rene.wang)

codes/typescript/chapter_binary_search/binary_search.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-/*
+/**
-* File: binary_search.ts
+ * File: binary_search.ts
-* Created Time: 2022-12-27
+ * Created Time: 2022-12-27
-* Author: Daniel (better.sunjian@gmail.com)
+ * Author: Daniel (better.sunjian@gmail.com)
-*/
+ */
 
 /* 二分查找（双闭区间） */
 function binarySearch(nums: number[], target: number): number {

codes/typescript/chapter_computational_complexity/worst_best_time_complexity.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/*
+/**
  * File: worst_best_time_complexity.ts
  * Created Time: 2023-01-05
  * Author: RiverTwilight (contact@rene.wang)