Rewrite nested jar code to better align with the implementations
provided in Java 17. This update makes two fundamental changes to
the previous implementation:
- Resource cleanup is now handled using the `java.lang.ref.Cleaner`
- Jar URLs now use the form `jar:nested:/my.jar/!nested.jar!/entry`
Unlike the previous `jar🫙/my,jar!/nested.jar!/entry` URL format,
the new format is compatible with Java's default Jar URL handler.
Specifically, it now only uses a single `jar:` prefix and it no longer
includes multiple `!/` separators.
In addition to the changes above, many of the ancillary classes have
also been refactored and updated to create cleaner APIs.
Closes gh-37668
7ad4a9817d