262 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
262 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
## 线程池核心组件图解
|
||
|
||
看源码之前,先了解一下该组件 最主要的几个 接口、抽象类和实现类的结构关系。
|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||
该组件中,Executor 和 ExecutorService 接口 定义了线程池最核心的几个方法,提交任务 submit
|
||
()、关闭线程池 shutdown()。抽象类 AbstractExecutorService 主要对公共行为 submit()系列方法进行了实现,这些 submit()方法 的实现使用了 模板方法模式,其中调用的 execute()方法 是未实现的 来自 Executor 接口 的方法。实现类 ThreadPoolExecutor 则对线程池进行了具体而复杂的实现。
|
||
|
||
另外还有一个常见的工具类 Executors,里面为开发者封装了一些可以直接拿来用的线程池。
|
||
|
||
## 源码赏析
|
||
|
||
话不多说,直接上源码。(这里只看最主要的代码部分)
|
||
|
||
### Executor 和 ExecutorService 接口
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
public interface Executor {
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 在将来的某个时间执行给定的 Runnable。该 Runnable 可以在新线程、池线程或调用线程中执行。
|
||
*/
|
||
void execute(Runnable command);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public interface ExecutorService extends Executor {
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 优雅关闭,该关闭会继续执行完以前提交的任务,但不再接受新任务。
|
||
*/
|
||
void shutdown();
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 提交一个有返回值的任务,并返回该任务的 未来执行完成后的结果。
|
||
* Future的 get()方法 将在成功完成后返回任务的结果。
|
||
*/
|
||
<T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task);
|
||
|
||
<T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result);
|
||
|
||
Future<?> submit(Runnable task);
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### AbstractExecutorService 抽象类
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
/**
|
||
* 该抽象类最主要的内容就是,实现了 ExecutorService 中的 submit()系列方法
|
||
*/
|
||
public abstract class AbstractExecutorService implements ExecutorService {
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 提交任务 进行执行,返回获取未来结果的 Future对象。
|
||
* 这里使用了 “模板方法模式”,execute()方法来自 Executor接口,该抽象类中并未进行实现,
|
||
* 而是交由子类具体实现。
|
||
*/
|
||
public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
|
||
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
|
||
RunnableFuture<Void> ftask = newTaskFor(task, null);
|
||
execute(ftask);
|
||
return ftask;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) {
|
||
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
|
||
RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task, result);
|
||
execute(ftask);
|
||
return ftask;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
|
||
if (task == null) throw new NullPointerException();
|
||
RunnableFuture<T> ftask = newTaskFor(task);
|
||
execute(ftask);
|
||
return ftask;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### ThreadPoolExecutor
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
public class ThreadPoolExecutor extends AbstractExecutorService {
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* **************
|
||
* ** 主要属性 **
|
||
* **************
|
||
*/
|
||
|
||
/** 阻塞队列 */
|
||
private final BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue;
|
||
|
||
/** 用于创建线程的 线程工厂 */
|
||
private volatile ThreadFactory threadFactory;
|
||
|
||
/** 核心线程数 */
|
||
private volatile int corePoolSize;
|
||
|
||
/** 最大线程数 */
|
||
private volatile int maximumPoolSize;
|
||
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* **************
|
||
* ** 构造方法 **
|
||
* **************
|
||
*/
|
||
|
||
/** 最后都使用了最后一个构造方法的实现 */
|
||
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
|
||
int maximumPoolSize,
|
||
long keepAliveTime,
|
||
TimeUnit unit,
|
||
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
|
||
this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
|
||
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
|
||
int maximumPoolSize,
|
||
long keepAliveTime,
|
||
TimeUnit unit,
|
||
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
|
||
ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
|
||
this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
|
||
threadFactory, defaultHandler);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
|
||
int maximumPoolSize,
|
||
long keepAliveTime,
|
||
TimeUnit unit,
|
||
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
|
||
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
|
||
this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
|
||
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), handler);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
|
||
int maximumPoolSize,
|
||
long keepAliveTime,
|
||
TimeUnit unit,
|
||
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
|
||
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
|
||
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
|
||
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
|
||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
|
||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
|
||
keepAliveTime < 0)
|
||
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
|
||
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
|
||
throw new NullPointerException();
|
||
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
|
||
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
|
||
this.workQueue = workQueue;
|
||
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
|
||
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
|
||
this.handler = handler;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* **************
|
||
* ** 主要实现 **
|
||
* **************
|
||
*/
|
||
|
||
/** 执行 Runnable任务 */
|
||
public void execute(Runnable command) {
|
||
if (command == null)
|
||
throw new NullPointerException();
|
||
/*
|
||
* 分三步进行:
|
||
*
|
||
* 1、如果运行的线程少于 corePoolSize,尝试开启一个新的线程;否则尝试进入工作队列
|
||
*
|
||
* 2. 如果工作队列没满,则进入工作队列;否则 判断是否超出最大线程数
|
||
*
|
||
* 3. 如果未超出最大线程数,则尝试开启一个新的线程;否则 按饱和策略处理无法执行的任务
|
||
*/
|
||
int c = ctl.get();
|
||
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
|
||
if (addWorker(command, true))
|
||
return;
|
||
c = ctl.get();
|
||
}
|
||
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
|
||
int recheck = ctl.get();
|
||
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
|
||
reject(command);
|
||
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
|
||
addWorker(null, false);
|
||
}
|
||
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
|
||
reject(command);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 优雅关闭,在其中执行以前提交的任务,但不接受新任务。如果已关闭,则调用没有其他效果。
|
||
*/
|
||
public void shutdown() {
|
||
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
|
||
mainLock.lock();
|
||
try {
|
||
checkShutdownAccess();
|
||
advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);
|
||
interruptIdleWorkers();
|
||
onShutdown(); // hook for ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
|
||
} finally {
|
||
mainLock.unlock();
|
||
}
|
||
tryTerminate();
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
ThreadPoolExecutor 中的 execute()方法 执行 Runnable 任务 的流程逻辑可以用下图表示。
|
||
|
||

|
||
|
||
### 工具类 Executors
|
||
|
||
看类名也知道,它最主要的作用就是提供 static 的工具方法,为开发者提供各种封装好的 具有各自特性的线程池。
|
||
|
||
```java
|
||
public class Executors {
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 创建一个固定线程数量的线程池
|
||
*/
|
||
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
|
||
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
|
||
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
|
||
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 创建一个单线程的线程池
|
||
*/
|
||
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
|
||
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
|
||
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
|
||
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
|
||
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* 创建一个缓存的,可动态伸缩的线程池。
|
||
* 可以看出来:核心线程数为0,最大线程数为Integer.MAX_VALUE,如果任务数在某一瞬间暴涨,
|
||
* 这个线程池很可能会把 服务器撑爆。
|
||
* 另外需要注意的是,它们底层都是使用了 ThreadPoolExecutor,只不过帮我们配好了参数
|
||
*/
|
||
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
|
||
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
|
||
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
|
||
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|